Energy Conversation States Free Essays

TMA03 Covering Block 3 Question 1 (a)An impactor mass of 45 kg is utilized to speak to the heaviness of kid sensibly respected to be associated with a mishap with glass or plastics. (b)The BS principles gives the makers an away from of guidelines that their items need to accomplish to be sheltered and fit for the reason that they have been intended for. It additionally gives the buyer the desire that the thing has arrived at the guidelines set somewhere near the BSI and will be a safe for the normal existence of the thing. We will compose a custom paper test on Vitality Conversation States or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now (c) (i)The vitality on sway is determined by utilizing the accompanying conditions: Likely Energy (PE) = mass x gravity x tallness This gives the expected vitality at the stature when the ball is held toward the beginning of the test. This can be utilized as a check to for the Kinetic vitality (KE) condition as the law of vitality discussion expresses that vitality may nor be made nor pulverized. Thusly the total of the considerable number of energies in the framework is a consistent. So the PE when the ball is held at stature will be equivalent to the KE not long before the contact with the glass. To ascertain the KE utilize the condition KE = ? mv2 (ii) Using the KE condition from question (I) KE = ? mv2 |u = beginning speed | |v = last speed | |a = increasing speed | |s = separation | Insert the constants of Mass = 45kg To figure the v2 utilizing the condition v2 = u2 + 2 x a x s For test 1 KE = ? mv2 For the v2 = 02 + 2 x 9. 8 x 305 Gives 5978 Insert in to KE = ? mv2 to give KE = ? x 45 x 5978 To give 134505 = 135J to 3 sf To check use PE = mgh 45 x 9. 8 x 305 = 134505 Round up to 3 sf to give 135 J So PE =KE 135J is as given in BS 6206:1981. For test 2 KE = ? mv2 For the v2 = 02 + 2 x 9. 8 x 457 Gives 8957. 2 Insert in to KE = ? mv2 to give KE = ? x 45 x 8957. 2 To give 201537 = 202J to 3 sf To check use PE = mgh 45 x 9. 8 x 457 = 201537 Round up to 3 sf to give 202 J So PE =KE 202J is as given in BS 6206:1981. For Test 3 KE = ? mv2 For the v2 = 02 + 2 x 9. 8 x 1219 Gives 23892. 4 Insert in to KE = ? mv2 to give KE = ? x 45 x 23892. 4 To give 537579 = 538J to 3 sf To check use PE = mgh 45 x 9. 8 x 1219 = 537579 Round up to 3 sf to give 538 J So PE =KE 538J is as given in BS 6206:1981 iii) The speed that the impactor strikes the glass when it is dropped from a stature of 1219 mm is determined as above utilizing: v2 = u2 + 2 x a x s v2 = 02 + 2 x 9. 8 x 1219 = 23892. 4 v = (23892. 4= 154. 6 m s-1 Question 2 (a)There are 3 primary highlights of an innovation to make it patentable. It must have something new about it; this could be an enhancement for a current thing. Additionally it must have a reason (helpful) and have the option to b e made however this isn't as significant with today’s advancements as a product program can be protected. b) (I) The benefits of utilizing an empty shape for lintels are that a strong lintel is both overwhelming and lumbering when it is in travel and when being moved into position at the manufacture site. The additional load of the lintel will likewise require the supporting divider to be at a necessary solidarity to help the lintel and the heap above it. They can be viewed as that they can be over intended for the activity that they are expected for. It is conceivable to expel material from a shaft without bargaining its quality, as the material expelled will be from territories that the pressure is irrelevantly little is certifiably not an enormous volume. The firmness of the shaft will rely on the properties of the material utilized in its development and the segment geometry of the plan of the bar. (ii) In the Dorman Long patent the recommended material of development plate/sheet steel. The utilization of plate/sheet steel is supported because of its firmness contrasted with its weight and that it tends to be handily collapsed or abounded in the development of the lintel. (c) (I) Refer back to guarantee 1 of the Catnic patent as talked about in Block 3 Part 2. Rundown the ‘essential integers’ of the Catnic lintel, and recognize which segment part is missing from the Dorman Long patent. a first flat plate or part adjusted to help a course or majority of superimposed units shaping piece of the inward skin and a subsequent level plate or part generously corresponding to the first and separated there from a descending vertical way and adjusted to traverse the pit in the depression divider and be bolstered at any rate at each end thereof upon courses framing portions of the external and internal skins individually of the pit divider contiguous an a perture, and first inflexible slanted help part expanding downwardly and forwardly from or close to the front edge neighboring the cavity of the principal even plate or part and framing with the subsequent plate or part at a middle of the road position which lies between the front and back edge of the subsequent plate or part and adjusted to stretch out over the pit, and a second unbendi ng help part broadening vertically from or from close to the back edge of the primary flat plate or part to get together with the subsequent plate or part nearby its back edge. ii) The supporting part between the two Suggest what impact the additional part is probably going to have on the exhibition of the Catnic lintel contrasted with the Dorman Long lintel. (6 + 2 = 8 imprints) Question 3 an) Although in an ideal domain there would be no hazard to any people or property and to evacuate any hazard would mean halting the procedures that offer ascent to chance. Anyway that isn't the situation so there will consistently hazard engaged with everything that we complete. I have broadly put together this answer with respect to the atomic force industry where the dangers included are both adequate and less worthy. |Risk increasingly satisfactory | |No options accessible |This could be classed as the utilization of a radio dynamic fuel in an atomic force | |station. The danger of its utilization would be classed as worthy as there is not| | |a appropriate option as a fuel. | |Risk known with conviction |The utilization of a radio dynamic fuel and its dangers are known with assurance and | |should be calculated in to the plan and the executives of the office. | |Risk less adequate | |Effect postponed |Prolonged presentation to a radio dynamic component will have a deferred impact | dependant upon the length and greatness of the introduction. So if these | |exposures are not observed and controlled the hazard would be less | |acceptable. | |Consequences irreversible |Again as the harm done from high, drawn out introduction to a radio dynamic | |element to the human body can be irreversible. Additionally a spillage or | |accidental discharge to the earth could prompt the zone being of no use| | |to the nearby populace for a significant time. | b) The guideline of ALARP where upgrades to the frameworks or procedure to lessen the dangers are demonstrated to be more prominent than the expenses in the creation contrasted with the advantages picked up. The additional expenses might be adjusted against the hazard decrease, for instance, diminishing the danger of introduction to nature and humankind from unsafe synthetic substances or ionizing radiation. The ALARP appraisal in figure 3 shows that the satisfactory hazard for electrical control frameworks has been broken in to 3 characterized hurt classes. The transformed triangles show that as the recurrence of those harmed rises then the hazard turns out to be less middle of the road. The zone concealed â€Å"broadly acceptable† shows that the procedures completed don't represent a hazard to those included, chance is insignificant and it will be important to keep up checks and security fates to keep the wounds at this level. In the territory stamped â€Å"tolerable if ALARP† shows the zone that the danger of injury to those associated with the procedure ahs expanded, on the off chance that the hazard was under taken, at that point there could be an advantage. This can be broken into 2 further subsections, if the recurrence is low the it very well may be fair if the expense of the hazard decrease surpasses the improvement, as the recurrence expands then it would possibly be middle of the road if the hazard decrease is unrealistic or the cost unbalanced to the additions in progress. The zone concealed â€Å"intolerable† is where the recurrence is grinding away most noteworthy and along these lines the hazard can't be advocated except if in exceptionable conditions, for instance taking a shot at a live high voltage electrical framework. Question 4 Table 4. 4 in Block 3 Part 4 shows the different stages in vitality transformation for fuel used to control a PC. It shows a theoretical monetary record for vitality transformation from concoction vitality (in a fuel) to light vitality (light transmitted by a PC show). a) The law of vitality discussion expresses that vitality may nor be made nor crushed yet changed into various types of vitality I. . to warmth, light, or commotion vitality. In this manner the whole of the considerable number of energies in the framework is a steady. Clarify quickly the guideline of the preservation of vitality, and how it applies at each phase in the vitality transformation process. (2 imprints) (b) Calculate the level of the abs olute accessible vitality that is changed over to: (a) heat (b) clamor (c) electrical vitality. For each situation, show your working completely. (4 + 4 + 4 = 12 imprints) †¢ break into three parts†¦ vitality required for ice to arrive at a temp of 0 q1 = mcT q1 = 11. 75 g(2. 09 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)(- 5. 00 °C-0 °C) q1 = - 122. 8J second part nergy required for change of states from strong to fluid q2 = n*? Hfus n = 11. 75g/18. 02g/mol n = 0. 65mol q2 = 0. 65mol * 6. 02 kJ/mol q2 = 4. 0kJ cautious units!!!! q2 = 4000J third part.. vitality required for fluid water from 0 to 0. 500 °C†¦ q3 = mcT q3 = 11. 75 g(4. 21 J/g ·Ã‚ °C)(0. 500 †0) q3 = 24. 7J ENERGY IN TOTAL†¦ E = q1 + q2 + q3 E = - 122. 8J + 4000J + 24. 7J E = 3902J The last 10 imprints for the task are granted for introduction †see the direction in the prologue to this booklet. These will be scored on the PT3 structure as Question 5. Task Booklet The most effective method to refer to Energy Conversation States, Essay models

A) To what extent can it be argued that a Seperation of Powers exists Essay

A) To what degree would it be able to be contended that a Seperation of Powers exists inside the British Political framework B)What are the contentions for and against Britian ado - Essay Example The last benefit permits it to gain and discard land, and so on., the manner in which standard people can. As opposed to this, the forces of nearby specialists are a lot of subject to rules and guidelines. In this sense, the official forces of the neighborhood government is restricted and compelled when contrasted and the forces of the Crown. â€Å"The capacity to arrange and rearrange the common assistance gets either from the regal right or the ordinary forces of a body perceived by law to go into business relations. It is itemized by Orders in Council, however these leave a lot of breathing space to pastors. It is this 'adaptable companion that has been utilized to build up Executive Agencies in the common assistance and different advancements throughout the years. The entirety of this without the requirement for plan of action to Parliament or law.† (Oliver 1994, p.641) The official forces of the priests, however inexactly directed, by the by furnish them with â€Å"powers to make contracts for the gracefully of merchandise and enterprises to offices and the public† (Shell 1994, p.301). The most recent fifty years had seen moves to actualize increasingly legal powers over the official branch. This is on the grounds that the more established techniques for control were wrong and unimportant to the advanced occasions. A few models incorporate, decrease of forces of neighborhood experts for school governors and educators; improvement of obligations of medical clinic directors and general professionals inside the system of the National Health Service. Both these cases recommend a push toward decentralization of official forces. (Oliver 1994, p.639) The autonomy of the legal force was determinedly settled in England by the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89. From that point onward, one of the verifiable states of this result was that the appointed authorities should take care not to infringe on the genuine circles of prudence of the sovereign political specialists, Crown and Parliament. The lawful control of the administration is helped by the Supreme Court Act,

Only Have a Minute 7 New Collections of Short Fiction for SFF Lovers

Only Have a Minute 7 New Collections of Short Fiction for SFF Lovers Short stories are often the purview of literary writers â€" writers like Jhumpa Lahiri and Ann Beattie â€" who explode simple everyday choices to expose the deep currents of emotions motivating their characters. But short fiction also has an interesting relationship with speculative fiction. Very often, short fiction has functioned as a laboratory for these same literary authors, allowing them 7,500 words to play in a genre they wouldnt ordinarily write or allowing a story to meander over the line from reality to fantasy. Like their lit fic cousins, SFF writers often get their start by writing short pieces for journals, magazines, websites, and anthologies. By the time theyre established writers, theyve got a lot for a collection.  So many ground-breaking story collections come from the fantasy and science fiction genres: I mean, look at Asimovs I, Robot.  Or Kurt   Vonneguts Welcome to the Monkey House.   Want to read a short story yet? Here are 7 new and upcoming collections of SFF short stories, including anthologies and collections. The Paper Menagerie and Other Stories (March 8, 2016) by Ken Liu Ken Liu is probably best known for his novel The Grace of Kings, and for his work as the translator of Cixin Lius Hugo-winning novel, The Three Body Problem. He is an award-winning short story writer, and this collection contains many of those pieces, including the title story, about a mother who creates origami for her son, The Paper Menagerie the most awarded story in the genre’s history, “The Paper Menagerie” which won the Hugo, Nebula, and World Fantasy awards. Rise: The Complete Newsflesh Collection (June   21, 2016) by Mira Grant Mira Grants Newsflesh series is about the zombie apocalypse if humans won, and then had to co-exist with zombies. This is a collection of eight short pieces set in the zombie-infested world of her series, a world terrorized by a virus created by humans. The book includes two never-released novellas. (Grant describes the book as her own personal Frankenstein monster.) None of the pieces have ever appeared in print before. Urban Allies: Ten Brand New Collaborative Stories (July 26, 2016) edited by Joseph Nassise Lets all take a moment to appreciate the collaborative short story. An author has to work with another author, bringing their individual storytelling styles together while telling a compelling (and coherent story). Well, heres an entire book of such collaborations. Each story brings two characters from two different urban fantasy franchises into one narrative, imprisoning them in dungeons together, putting them in haunted houses, you name it. Includes work by Charlaine Harris and Christopher Golden, Carrie Vaughn and Diana Rowland, Jonathan Maberry and Larry Correia, Kelley Armstrong and Seanan McGuire, Joseph Nassise and Sam Witt, Steven Savile and Craig Schaefer, David Wellington and Weston Ochse, Stephen Blackmoore and Jeff Somers, C. E. Murphy and Kat Richardson Jaye Wells and Caitlin Kittredge. New Worlds, Old Ways: Speculative Fiction from the Caribbean,  edited by Karen Lord (November 15, 2016), Karen Lord, the award-winning author of Redemption in Indigo, edits this collection of speculative fiction by writers from the Caribbean. The blurb promises robots and fantastical beasts, but promises too that the themes in each story will be familiar to any reader from the Caribbean. Includes stories by Tammi-Browne Bannister, Summer Edward, Portia Subran, Brandon O’Brien, Kevin Jared Hosein, Richard B. Lynch, Elizabeth J. Jones, Damion Wilson, Brian Franklin, Ararimeh Aiyejina and H.K. Williams. Slipping: Stories, Essays, and Other Writing, by Lauren Beukes (November 29, 2016) Okay, guys, so his one isnt strictly short stories. Lauren Beukes, the South African author of The Shining Girls and the recently re-released Moxyland and Zoo City, includes non-fiction with fiction in this collection. (Her nonfiction has been widely published, as has her fiction.) The stories in Slipping include dystopian science fiction, talking cats, fighter pilots saving Tokyo, and killer art installations.   If youre a fan of Beukess dystopian visions of Johannesburg or her wicked sense of humor this books for you. The Witchs Vacuum Cleaner and Other Stories  by Terry Pratchett (January 3, 2017) This posthumous collection is an artifact for fans of Sir Terry Pratchett and Discworld. If you want to see how Pratchetts writing and sense of humor evolved, this is probably the book youve been looking for. These are the stories that Pratchett wrote as a young man, as young as 17, according to the promo materials, which say he wrote these stories when he was working as a junior reporter for a newspaper in the U.K. The stories feature wizards and magic, among other subjects â€" the ideas that he played with as a mature author are visible here in these early pieces. Track Faults and Other Glitches: Stories of the Impossible in Singapore by Nicholas Yong (July 1, 2017) Im venturing pretty far into next year with this, but I could not help myself, once I saw that the stories feature an alternate version of Singapore, including something called the Zombie Civil Service (zombies as peacekeepers? I am all in) and a Shiba Inu on a quest. It looks cool, it looks weird and I want to read it. Save Sign up to Swords Spaceships to  receive news and recommendations from the world of science fiction and fantasy. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Survivors Of Healthcare Worker Directed Violence Essay

In 3 articles, survivors of healthcare worker directed violence admitted to knowingly spending less time with their patients after the attack.(8, 12, 16) Quality of care is also reduced as survivors admit to being fearful of their patients as well as being reluctant to care for specific patients or any patients at all.(8, 17, 19, 25) After an incident of workplace violence, survivors stated that they have decreased communication with their patients, patient families, and coworkers.(12, 27) Survivors also admitted to having reduced interest in being a part of patient care, as well as being in their current position.(8, 12, 14, 19) One article found that physiotherapists often reduced their expectations for their patients after experiencing an incidence of workplace violence from a patient.(8) Survivors also found that they had reduced empathy and gave reduced emotional support to patients and their families after returning to work.(15) After an attack by a patient, survivors admitted to lacking concentration that led to missed medication administration, increased falls, and increased errors in administration of care.(10, 15, 17, 27) Discussion The purpose of this review was to discover and asses the effects of healthcare worker directed violence on healthcare providers as well as the effect on patient care. There is sufficient evidence to say that workplace violence perpetrated by patients has a negative effect on the healthcare worker as well as the quality of care they areShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Individuals, Families And Communities2507 Words   |  11 PagesWhat is Domestic Violence Domestic Violence is a highly prevalent public health problem with devastating effects on individuals, families and the communities. Most Americans are seen at some point in their lives by healthcare workers, and the health care setting offers a critical opportunity for early identification and even the primary prevention of abuse. It is imperative that as healthcare workers, any suspicion of domestic violence be addressed. Domestic violence can take many different formsRead MoreAnti VAWC Law1761 Words   |  8 Pagesshall be known as the Anti-Violence against Women and Their Children Act of 2004. 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After 9/11, polls reported that 60% of the American public favored ethnic profiling, at least as long as it was directed at Arabs and Muslims. Due to the history of racial discrimination in this country, the Equal Protection Clause of the constitution forbids government authorities from relying on explicit racial or ethnic distinctions. The vast majority of ArabsRead MoreEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 PagesFraternization †¢ 4–16, page 27 Standards of conduct †¢ 4–17, page 27 Employment and volunteer work of spouse †¢ 4–18, page 27 Hazing †¢ 4–194–20, page 28 Informal funds †¢ 4–21, page 29 Misuse of Government travel charge cards †¢ 4–22, page 29 Domestic Violence Amendment to the Gun Control Act of 1968 †¢ 4–23, page 30 Chapter 5 Other Responsibilities of Command, page 32 General †¢ 5–1, page 32 Appearance before congressional committees †¢ 5–2, page 32 Political activities †¢ 5–3, page 32 Command aspectsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesChapter 1 The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Learning Outcomes 2 Introduction 4 5 Understanding Cultural Environments 4 The Changing World of Technology What Is a Knowledge Worker? 6 How Technology Affects HRM Practices 6 Recruiting 7 Employee Selection 7 Training and Development 7 Ethics and Employee Rights 7 Motivating Knowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve EmployeesRead MoreImportant Law Enforcement Facts19721 Words   |  79 Pagesbecause retirements enable | |most staffing cuts to be handled through attrition. Trained law enforcement officers who lose their jobs because of budget cuts | |usually have little difficulty finding jobs with other agencies. The need to replace workers who retire, transfer to other | |occupations, or stop working for other reasons will be the source of many job openings. | |Police and sheriff’s patrol officers had median annual earnings of $42,270Read MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pagesthe science of social work. http://eris.osu.eu/index.php?kategorie=35174id=5176 IN AN ERA OF CHANGE †¦to reach an understanding of what Social Welfare / Social Work is?.. the issues it should address.. how it should be carried out?†¦ social workers travelled a long path†¦and it is worth knowing 3 S.Rengasamy-History of Social Welfare / Social Work Framework to understand History of Social Welfare / Social Work Understanding history through historical phases / Chronological historyRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 Pageslabour.Some destitute children, often AIDS orphans, are forced into child labour. | Agricultural/rural development projects actively address in their regular activities the factors that increase vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. | Community development workers of a food security project assist in overcoming stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS and of AIDS orphans in a community. | (b) Vulnerability of IFAD project staff, counterparts and staff of collaborating partners (and/or their families)

How Does Adhd Affect A Person - 884 Words

Observation #1: How does ADHD affect a person? Question: how does ADHD affect a person? Research Method: I am choosing to use the case study’s as my route of study, because they are study’s that have already been done on this subject so I can gather a lot of information in just a short amount of time. I will also ask my mom about it to because she has raised a child with ADHD so she can see the effect ADHD has on her child. Problems I may face: but I should be care when looking at these case study’s, because some case study’s if I am not careful what site I am on may not always apply accurate data. So I need to be careful to watch out for unreliable references of case studies. Hypothesis: I believe I will find that ADHD makes it hard for a person to focus, and it makes it hard for them to be able to do every day things like adding or subtracting and other things that other people would find really simple and probably even take for granted. Research: ADHD- a disorder that makes it hard to do normal everyday jobs. It says on http://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Resource_Centers/ADHD_Resource_Center/ADHD_A_Guide_for_Families/What_is_ADHD.aspx that â€Å"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD is a common childhood illness that can be treated. It is a health condition involving biologically active substances in the brain. Studies show that ADHD may affect certain areas of the brain that allow us to solve problems, plan ahead, understand others’ actions, andShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder Research Paper1195 Words   |  5 PagesAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a brain based developmental disorder that comes in three different subtypes: ADHD inattentive (ADHD-I), is most common among girls and is associated with greater number of academic problems especially in math and affect listening, learning, and remembering. The second and third subtype is ADHD hyperactive- impulsive type (ADHD-H) and ADHD combined type (ADHD-HI) it is most common in males and is associated with talking to oneself, getting in troubleRead MoreTre Torres. Block 7Pwell. Add Adhd Position Paper. 1/9/17.1209 Words   |  5 Pages Tre Torres Block 7 Pwell ADD ADHD position paper 1/9/17 ADHD; It’s not just an Excuse My entire life I’ve struggled with ADHD. I’m capable of all the work given to me but so many teachers don’t understand how much of a struggle it is for me to focus. It’s not just an excuse for me to be lazy, or get time extensions. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder more well known as ADHD defined by Mayo Clinic as â€Å"A chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsivenessRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder or ADHD Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesHyper Activity Disorder or ADHD is a dysfunction in the brain. 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I chose this article to further along my research question of how children with ADHD are affected in their daily lives because in order to know how a child is affected by a disorder one must first be well informed about said disorder and must also have the willingness to try and comprehend that this disorder affects every child differently. CorneliusRead MoreAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesHyperactivity Disorder can make a person’s everyday life more difficult, but this does not only apply to the one diagnosed. Living with someone with ADHD or even being friends with someone with ADHD can have an effect on a person’s life. From the patients impulsive actions, all the way to their inability to pay attention to what someone is saying can affect everyone around them. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder does have a temporary cure though. 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Blood Donation Reasons to Donate Free Essays

Q: Hav u ever donated ur blood? Y? MKT case from America’s Blood Centers(ABC). It was founded in 1962 and is the national network of nonprofit, independent community blood centers. The members of it work for more than 125 million ppl and more than 3,100 hospitals. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Donation: Reasons to Donate or any similar topic only for you Order Now It carried out a survey nationwide via telephone interviews in order to encourage ppl to donate blood. Reasons for giving blood: umani’tarian reasons as their primary reason for donating blood; 4 out of 6 top reasons are al’truistic motives: helping the community and responding a blood shortage Wanting to help others 34% Responding to a blood drive 25% Helping the community 13% hearing about a shortage 7% Because I might need it someday 4% Helping a local child 2% Reasons for not donating blood 44% cite health issues as reason for not†¦this group is likely to be difficult to call up donating. risk health); however, ;half(52%) say other reasons: being scared of the process and unawareness never thought about it 17% too busy 15% scared of process 10% afraid of infection 4% don’t know where/how to give 4% don’t know anyone in need 2% !many reasons could be eliminated by some specific education about the ease,speed and safety of the process of the blood donation. and make ppl aware the need for blood. ABC gave some effective msgs to encourage blood donation. family member, frd or child is in need. 86% 92% extremely and compelling†¦(see in table 4. 3) In addition, it find out the ppl who donated 1-2 times, 18-34 yrs ones and ppl who said†never thought about it†as the reason for not donating are most likely to change mind to donate blood. while the target were asked twice about the question: whether someone is likely to donate blood in the next 12 months. The yes answer grows from 34% to 41% It turns out that roughly 8% of respondents switched to yes while only 2%.. no. How to cite Blood Donation: Reasons to Donate, Essay examples

International Finance Exchange Rate Analysis

Question: Describe about the difference between the interest rates of two nations is same as the difference between the forward exchange rate and spot exchange rate (Baker Riddick, 2013)? Answer: Exchange Rate Analysis Interest Rate Parity The theory of interest rate parity describes that the difference between the interest rates of two nations is same as the difference between the forward exchange rate and spot exchange rate (Baker Riddick, 2013). In foreign currency market, the role of interest rate parity is very much important. According to IRP, there is no arbitrage possibility in the market (Bishop, 2004). It does not matter that investor invest the money in home market or in the foreign market because the investor will get same return. Example: There are two options available for the investment in interest rate parity. One is domestic investment and another is foreign investment (Choi, 2003). Suppose, the amount of 2000 is available for the investment and the time period is one year. The spot exchange rate between U.S.A and Euro is $1. 2245/ In case of domestic investment, The rate of return is 3% for one year. The value of investment in US dollar = 2000 1.2245 = $ 2449 If the amount is invested in domestic market, the return will be: $ 2449 + ($ 2449 3%) = $2522.47 In case of foreign investment Suppose the amount is invested in Euro market at the rate of 5 % for one year. The forward exchange rate for one year is $1.20025/. So, the return = 2000 + (2000 5%) = 2100 Then, it is required to convert in US currency. So, the return in US currency = 2100 1.20025 = 2520.52 Therefore, it is observed that there is no arbitrage option from the investment even it is invested in foreign market. Purchasing Power Parity This theory implies that there is required to adjust the exchange rate between nations to make the currency value at par in regards to the purchasing power of individual nation (Eun, Resnick Sabherwal, 2012). This theory is used for comparing the income level of different nations. If the exchange rate is adjusted, the price of same will be same when it converted in a one currency. Example: Suppose the cost of a pen in Euro market is 3.6 and in US market is $3. Then the adjustment of cost between Euro market and US market is (3.6/3) i.e. 1.2. So, to spend one dollar in pen, it would have to spend 1.2 for obtaining the same quantity and quality pen. The mentioned theories cover the exchange rate and shows there is no arbitrage possibility. It will be better to use the theories altogether for getting better results. Forecasting Exchange Rate Purchasing Power Parity Method This method is very much popular method for forecasting the exchange rate. PPP approach follows the law that the price of a same product will be same if it is converted in one currency (Kirton, 2009). There will be no extra earning if on product is sold in one country after buying from another country at a cheap. According to the underlying principle, it helps to estimate that the exchange rate would change to offset prices changes for the impact of inflation (Levi, 2009). Suppose it is expected that the price of U.S. may increase by 5% over the upcoming year. On the other hand, it is expected that the price in Euro market will increase by just 3%. So, the difference in inflation rate between the two nations is 2%. It indicates that the increasing rate in price of U.S. is higher than the price of Euro. In such condition, PPP approach implies that it is required to depreciate the US dollar currency by 2% to make remain the prices of both nations equal. If the exchange rate between the US dollar is $1.25/. Then the forecast according to PPP will be as follows: (1+0.02) ($1.25/.) = $ 1.275/ That means it has to bear $1.275 to buy the one Euro. Economic Models Economic models is the another model which is based on the movement of specific currency and used to forecast the exchange rates (McKnight, 2008). In this model, the factors are used on the basis of economic theory. If there is any influence by any other variable can be included in the model. Suppose the forecast will be between US dollar and Euro for the upcoming year. The most influential factors are included in the model related to exchange rate. The factors are difference between two nations, difference rate between growth rates of GDP of two nations and difference between growth rates of two nations. The forecast by this model can be done as follows: US $ / Euro (1 year) = z + a(interest rate differential) + b(GDP) + c(income growth rate) Forecast can be generated only by putting all the values. a, b and c are the coefficient of how much exchange rate affected by the certain factor. This model is very complex to use and it also take so much time. Exchange Rate Exposure Transaction Exposure The risk related to exchange arises in case of MNC. MNC company operates the business all over the word. Exchange rate influences the business transaction between the different countries. Transaction exposure is one kind of risk. If the company has the obligation to pay or receive payment denominated in foreign currency in future, the risk arises due to fluctuation of exchange rate (Robin, 2011). The nature of transaction exposure is short-term to middle-term. Translation Exposure This exposure is related with the changes in financial statement due to fluctuation in foreign currency. MNC has subsidiaries in different countries in the world. All the subsidiaries formulate their statement according to their currency. When the statement is converted to the MNC currency, the figures of statement become affected by the fluctuation of currency (Melvin Norrbin, 2013). The nature of this kind of exposure is middle-term to long-term. Economic Exposure This exposure arises due to unexpected fluctuation in currency (Haites, 2013). The future cash flows of the organization get affected by this exposure. It also influences the market value. The nature of this kind of exposure is long-term. The competitive position of the organization can be affected by the unexpected changes in exchange rate. Unexpected change means difficult to estimate the exchange rate and economic exposure is very hard to mitigate rather than the others two exposures. Mitigation of Exposure The exposure risk can mitigated through several hedging the foreign currency exposure. Company can prevent the negative effect through hedging the foreign currency. There so many types of hedging techniques which can be followed to mitigate the risk such as forward contract, call and put options, cross hedging, money market hedge and interest rate swaps, etc. If the forward contracts can be applied the buying and selling can be done ate fixed rate on a prescribed future date. The volatility of the foreign currency cannot create effect on the future transaction by going to a forward contract. Foreign currency option protects from the opposite movement of exchange rate and the investor can get benefitted from favorable movements. The advantage of option is that it does to give obligation rather it gives right to buy or sale. Suppose ABC Ltd purchases goods from Norwegian on 1st March 2015. The price payable is NOK 2 million on 30th April 2015. The exchange rate at 1st March is NOK 11.60/. On 1st March 2015, the organization goes for a forward contract for purchasing the goods from Norwegian. The forward rate is NOK 11.90/. So at time of delivery of goods, the company has to pay 168067 whatever the spot rate reflects. References Baker, H., Riddick, L. (2013). International finance : a survey. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bishop, E. (2004). Finance of international trade. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Choi, F. (2003). International finance and accounting handbook. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley. Eun, C., Resnick, B., Sabherwal, S. (2012). International finance. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Haites, E. (2013). International climate finance. London: Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, Earthscan from Routledge. Kirton, J. (2009). International finance. Aldershot: Ashgate. Levi, M. (2009). International finance. London: Routledge. McKnight, A. (2008). The law of international finance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Melvin, M., Norrbin, S. (2013). International money and finance. Boston: Elsevier Press. Robin, J. (2011). International corporate finance. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

How to Write a White Paper †A Simple Step By Step Guide

One of the best ways to make more money as a freelance writer is to offer different types of writing services. Learning how to write a white paper is a great way to take your business to the next level. This is a type of marketing tool that businesses use and it can help you make a living as a writer. But, writing a white paper isnt the same as a blog post or even writing an eBook. Its also not a case study or journal article. What is a white paper, and how do you write one? If youre a new freelance writer, I want to help you start on the path of success and white paper writing can take you there. In this post, Ill share with you what a white paper is, how to write a white paper, give examples, offer a white paper template and more! And just so you know, you dont need to have experience in writing white papers to declare this as a new freelance writing service! Many of my course students are presented with this project after writing for a client, and it has opened the doors to new high-paying projects. But, its always nice to get some help on this new type of writing! What is a White Paper? The white paper definition is an official report or government report which shares the companys message and informs their potential customers about a complicated issue in an easy-to-read, but highly formal format. When looking at this definition, you can see that a white paper presents an issue or problem to help the reader understand the issue, and shares a solution to help readers make a decision. So, a white paper is to inform and educate. This can be viewed as similar to writing a simple blog post. In a blog post, you are presented with an issue or problem, and the blog post walks you through a solution to help you make a decision. But, there are critical differences to writing a blog post and writing a white paper: A blog post is highly conversational; a white paper is highly formal (think like a mashup of a magazine article and a brochure) A blog post is generally short in length; a white paper is usually longer than a typical 800-word blog post A blog post doesnt have to include highly credible sources; you may need to cite a white paper The purpose of a white paper is also different than a blog post A white paper is a lead generation tactic to help businesses gain leads. What this means is that it helps businesses with improving their conversion rates, closing rates and qualification rates. They are usually offered as a lead magnet a free incentive and marketed on their company site on landing pages. An important distinction between white papers and other lead magnet guides is that a white paper is data driven and is researched-based. This makes them highly credible, and highly optimized for conversions. The trick for a freelance writer is to present this research-based report into a magazine-style package that we call a white paper. And when businesses have optimized white papers, they show and establish their authority in their industry. As a writer, you can help them achieve that, making you a highly valuable resource on their team. This translates into more money as a freelance writer. White paper rates vary from as little as $2,500 to upwards of $10,000 for a 5-18 page white paper. In fact, some freelance writers are making $300k a year writing white papers. It can even be more profitable than ghostwriting. So, its in YOUR best interest to know what a white paper is and learn how to write a white paper! To help you understand more about writing a white paper, lets look at some examples. White Paper Examples (+ The Most Successful White Paper Example) Big companies often use white papers to inform and educate their customers or huge brand customers about their platform and products. This is to help other brands become familiar with a companys product. For example, Googles white paper covers the Google Cloud platform products and security policies. It has a table of contents and is presented online or can be downloaded as a PDF. Another white paper example is from Hyperledger. They are a blockchain technology company, and their white paper discusses blockchain terminology and performance metrics. In the health niche, Labiotech has a white paper on the human microbiome. In this white paper, they want to shed a new explanation on health and disease from a microbiome perspective. As you can see, they are using this white paper as a lead magnet to gain subscribers to their email list. Officemorphs white paper reads more like a magazine article but is presented in a formal manner. The audience is also different than for an office supply magazine. This white papers audience is office managers and executives. As you can see, each white paper example is different in the context and type of audience. And, whats the most successful white paper that has ever been written? The Bitcoin white paper by Satoshi Nakamoto (pseudonym)! This helped start the cryptocurrency industry get off the ground. Types of White Papers There are several types of white papers a freelance writer can write. The most common types are: Overview This is a product-based white paper that showcases the features and benefits of the product. This type of white paper highlights a product and helps educate a customer on how to use this product. Comparison This white paper compares products to help a customer decide which is the best option for them. These types of white papers are usually promoted towards the end of a sales cycle, when a potential customer is already interested in a product but doesnt know which one. List This type of white paper is the most similar to a blog post or article. A list white paper gives a reader tips or examples in a list format, making it an easy read. Solution-Based This presents a problem in the companys industry, current solutions that arent working and offers a new solution or approach that works better than any of the other solutions mentioned in the white paper. White Paper Template Here is a simple white paper template that you can use to start writing a white paper for your freelance writing job. There are two parts of this white paper format. The first part is what to include at the beginning of your white paper, and the second part mentions more about the way you structure a white paper and how to end your white paper. 1. Table of Contents/Introduction Lengthy white papers make use of a table of contents. I didnt include this in my mockup template, but it might be a good idea to add if your white paper is long. The introduction can be a summary of the entire white paper or an introduction to the problem or product mentioned. For the mockup white paper example, I used a fictional SleepAid Tech company, and the paper demonstrates their products and the features and benefits of each product. 2. Important Points In my introduction, I specify the problem and what the companys products do to help alleviate this problem. I then make important points by using subheadings to emphasize that performance, analytics, and a three-hour sleep regression are essential to understanding the product. 3. Graphs When you write a white paper, you can use visual elements such as graphs, diagrams, and even video slides (if the white paper is a slide presentation). For this fictional white paper template, I used a diagram to show the results of the sleep regression study. 4. Break Up Your Writing Just like any other type of content, you might write for a client, space out your writing, and break it up with subheadings and visuals. Some white papers are double columned to break up the writing, but in general, use subheadings to note important topics in your white paper. 5. How to Cite a White Paper You can end your white paper in many ways Conclusion paragraph About company paragraph Resources References Some white papers will need you to cite your sources. There are three styles to citing your white paper APA style, Chicago style, and MLA style. Make sure to ask your freelance writing client which citing they want for their paper and if they wish to have in-text citation as well. Here are three videos that walk you through citing your white paper. How to Cite a White Paper Using APA Style How to Cite a White Paper Using MLA Style How to Cite a White Paper Using Chicago Style Free Citation Generator You can use free citation generator tools to cite your sources quickly whether they are books or websites. Here are three free citation generator tools. Free Harvard Citation Generator Vancouver Referencing Generator Mendeley Citation Guides How to Write a White Paper The steps to writing a white paper are similar to writing a blog post or article. You have to research your topic from credible sources and use formal writing to write your post, ensuring that you are speaking in the appropriate language for your client. Finally, you need to add the elements to ending your white paper. So, lets dig deeper and talk about the way to write a white paper. 1. Where to Write Your White Paper There are generally two places you can write your white paper Microsoft Word or Google Docs. I prefer Microsoft Word, but if your freelance writing client wants you to use a template, then Google Docs has several templates you can use. Or, if you prefer, Venngage has some beautiful white paper templates you can use for free. I would also ask the client if they specify APA, MLA, or Chicago style of writing or just to use for the reference section of the white paper (if needed). Again, each white paper you write will have a different theme and purpose. 2. Topic Generation Many clients will already have an idea of what they need. For example, a client I had when I first started wanted a white paper on hiring mistakes with the emphasis placed on proper employment background checks. If a client doesnt provide a topic, I encourage you to sit down with the client on Skype or via phone to discuss what their reason is for wanting a white paper vs. a case study or some other lead magnet and work around the problems their customers have. This can drum up some ideas that you can work around. As well, use Google to search for topics to help out your client. Make sure not to pick topics that are too large and require in-depth analysis or topics that dont need a lot of explanation to provide. 3. Research Credible Sources To find credible sources for your white paper, you need to look at trusted sites like Government sites (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Using Journal articles, reference books, or publications are also great ways to find sources. Sometimes you will have to look locally for sources if your white paper is about a city policy or city problem. 4. Formal Writing Tone White paper writing is formal and less conversational than a blog post. To practice writing in this formal tone, read up on research journal articles and white papers to get a feel of the style of writing needed. I would also get the help of other freelance writers to review your white paper to see if the style of your writing is easy enough to understand and read, but informational and gets the point across. As I mentioned, a white paper is a mashup of a magazine article and brochure. So, finding that balance of ease of reading and formally discussing your topics is key. 5. White Paper Format As a freelance writer it isnt your job to format the white paper in terms of white paper cover design. But, this can be a service you offer to increase your value as a writer. You can use tools like Canva, PicMonkey or Photoshop to design your white paper cover. How to Market White Papers to Businesses B2B and B2C businesses can benefit from white papers. But, many businesses may overlook the need for a white paper or not even know what a white paper is as a way to improve their conversion rates. Its up to the freelance writer to market white paper writing as a valuable asset to businesses. But, how do you convince potential clients that you are the white paper writer for them? 1. Mention Statistics on Your Services Page Its a good idea to use statistics on your service page or writer website copy to help show the value white papers have. This means educating a potential client on this new type of content. A metric business sites use to see how their business is performing is the website conversion rate. They want to know how many visitors that land on their website convert into a buyer. For example, the average conversion rates on websites for the B2B industry is 2.23%. White papers can help increase the conversion rates for businesses. And the best nurturing tactics is providing valuable content, and a white paper can provide that. It can help a potential customer through the buyers journey through targeted content. 2. Build a White Paper Portfolio The proof is in the pudding, right? Make sure your portfolio page has white paper samples. They can be mock-ups or client pieces. Simply showing proof that you can write a white paper is enough for a potential client to hire you. 3. Niche Down to White Paper Writing To stand out and get the best conversions for your business, niche down to white paper writing. For example, freelance writer Wilton Blake is niched down for writing white papers and case studies. By improving the copy on your writer website and showing samples of your service, you can have a highly optimized writer website. And, if you need help creating that type of writer website, make sure to check out Writer Website in a Weekend. White Paper Resource If you need a breakdown on the exact steps on how to write a white paper, make sure to check out the White Paper for Dummies book! Its from the expert white paper guy Gordon Graham. Definitive Guide on How to Write a White Paper as a Freelance Writer There you go! A simple guide to writing your first white paper as a freelance writer. I hope this was helpful! I know my other blog post on how to create a cover letter helped a freelance writer gain a client! Share in the comments if you write white papers or if youre interested to add this to your services! And please remember to pin me!

Lucy (AL 288) - Australopithecus Skeleton from Ethiopia

Lucy (AL 288) - Australopithecus Skeleton from Ethiopia Lucy is the name of the nearly complete skeleton of an Australopithecus afarensis. She was the first nearly complete skeleton recovered for the species, found in 1974 at the Afar Locality (AL) 228, a site in the Hadar archaeological region on the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia. Lucy is about 3.18 million years old, and is called Denkenesh in Amharic, the language of the local people. Lucy is not the only early example of A. afarensis found at Hadar: many more A. afarensis hominids were found at the site and the nearby AL-333. To date, over 400 A. afarensis skeletons or partial skeletons have been found in the Hadar region from about a half-dozen sites. Two hundred sixteen of them were found at AL 333; together with Al-288 are referred to as the First Family, and they all date between 3.7 and 3.0 million years ago. What Scientists Have Learned About Lucy and Her Family The numbers of available specimens of A. afarensis from Hadar (including over 30 crania) have allowed continuing scholarship in several regions concerning Lucy and her family. These issues have included terrestrial bipedal locomotion; the expression of sexual dimorphism and how body size shapes human behavior; and the paleoenvironment in which A. afarensis lived and thrived. Lucys post-cranium skeleton expresses multiple features related to habitual striding bipedalism, including elements of Lucys spine, legs, knees, feet, and pelvis. Recent research has shown that she didnt move in ​the  same way as humans do, nor was she simply a terrestrial being. ​A. afarensis may well have still been adapted to live and work in trees at least part time. Some recent research (see Chene et al) also suggests the shape of the females pelves were closer to modern humans and less similar to the great apes.d less similar to the great apes. A. afarensis lived in the same region for over 700,000 years, and during that time, the climate changed several times, from arid to moist, from open spaces to closed forests and back again. Yet, A. afarensis persisted, adapting to those changes without requiring major physical changes. Sexual Dimorphism Debate Significant sexual dimorphismthat female animal bodies and teeth are significantly smaller than malesis typically found in species which have intense male to male competition. A. afarensis possesses a degree of postcranial skeletal size dimorphism matched or exceeded only by the great apes, including orangutans and gorillas. However, A. afarensis teeth are not significantly different between males and females. Modern humans, by comparison, have low levels of male-male competition, and male and female teeth and body size are far more similar. The peculiarity of that is stil debated: teeth size reduction may be the result of adapting to a different diet, rather than a signal of less male-to-male physical aggression. Lucys History The central Afar basin was first surveyed by Maurice Taieb in the 1960s; and in 1973, Taieb, Donald Johanson and Yves Coppens formed the International Afar Research Expedition to begin extensive exploration of the region. Partial hominin fossils were discovered in Afar in 1973, and the nearly complete Lucy was discovered in 1974. AL 333 was discovered in 1975. Laetoli was discovered in the 1930s, and the famous footprints discovered in 1978. Various dating measures have been used on the Hadar fossils, including Potassium/Argon (K/AR) and geochemical analysis of the volcanic tuffs, and currently  , scholars have tightened the range to between 3.7 and 3.0 million years ago. The species was defined, using Hadar and A. afarensis specimens from Laetoli in Tanzania, in 1978. Lucys Significance Lucy and her familys discovery and investigation remodeled physical anthropology, making it a much more rich and nuanced field than before, partly because the science changed, but also because for the first time, scientists had an adequate database to investigate all the issues around her. In addition, and this is a personal note, I think one of the most significant things about Lucy is that Donald Johanson and Edey Maitland wrote and published a popular science book about her. The book called Lucy, the Beginnings of Humankind made the scientific chase for the human ancestors accessible to the public.   Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Lower Paleolithic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Thanks are owed to Tadewos Assebework, of Indiana University, for correcting some minor errors. Chene G, Lamblin G, Lebail-Carval K, Chabert P, Marà ¨s P, Coppens Y, and Mellier G. 2015. The genital prolapse of Australopithecus Lucy? International Urogynecology Journal 26(7):975-980.Chene G, Tardieu AS, Trombert B, Amouzougan A, Lamblin G, Mellier G, and Coppens Y. 2014. A species’ Odyssey: evolution of obstetrical mechanics from Australopithecus Lucy to nowadays. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 181:316-320.DeSilva JM, and Throckmorton ZJ. 2011. Lucys Flat Feet: The Relationship between the Ankle and Rearfoot Arching in Early Hominins. PLoS ONE 5(12):e14432.Johanson DC. 2004. Lucy, Thirty Years Later: An expanded view of Australopithecus afarensis. Journal of Anthropological Research 60(4):465-486.Johanson DC, and White TD. 1979. A systematic assessment of early African hominids. Science 203(4378):321-330.Kimbel WH, and Delezene LK. 2009. â€Å"Lucy† redux: A review of research on Australopithecus afarensis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 140(S49):2-48. Meyer MR, Williams SA, Smith MP, and Sawyer GJ. 2015. Lucys back: Reassessment of fossils associated with the A.L. 288-1 vertebral column. Journal of Human Evolution 85:174-180.Nagano A, Umberger BR, Marzke MW, and Gerritsen KGM. 2005. Neuromusculoskeletal computer modeling and simulation of upright, straight-legged, bipedal locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis (A.L. 288-1). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 126(1):2-13.Sellers WI, Cain GM, Wang W, and Crompton RH. 2005. Stride lengths, speed and energy costs in walking of Australopithecus afarensis: using evolutionary robotics to predict locomotion of early human ancestors. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2(5):431-441.

Compare tsarist foreign policy in the period 1801-1854 with the period Essay

Compare tsarist foreign policy in the period 1801-1854 with the period 1856-1914. How and why did tsarist foreign policy change - Essay Example The Russian empire during this period had no system of government as they were led by a tsar whom they believed got his anointment from God. A tsar was, therefore, treated with much respect and made decisions on behalf of the other state members. The tsarist participated in the creation of the Armenian during the tsarist period. The Armenians’ however, later led in the revolutionary consciousness to the Russian Empire (Dmytryshyn, 2007). Until 1856, the Russian had not formulated a policy to moderate the number of immigrants whose number increased tremendously. Initially, Tsarist regime applied an assorted strategy that relied on the geographical location, difference in religion and the intensity of national awareness (Dmytryshyn, 2007). Significant transformation took place during the reign of the three rulers; Nicholas II, Alexander II and Alexander III from the dynasty of Romanov between 1856 and 1914. These rulers encountered different challenges despite personal qualities they acquired from their upbringing. The main objectives for change of tsarist foreign policy during this period comprised five main features. First, Russia is regarded superpowers and enjoys the prestige of holding the position. Second, the states’ realist and neorealist had an influence through the central power as the tsarist foreign policy designed a different manner of the major paradigm. The technicalities of matching the economic , military and technology applied by its rivals are the third element. Fourth, the modalities on how to match up to the standards determine on how contested Russians national identity connects domestic economic and political order with foreign strategy priorities and course. Finally, level to which western liberalism is a relevant representation for Russia (Dmytryshyn, 2007). The foreign policy created from 1856 to 1914 when Alexander III came into

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF ICT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF ICT - Assignment Example Therefore, this paper will discuss some important aspects regarding maintaining a secured network connection via virtual private networks. In essence, virtual private networks can be classified into two categories that are known as remote access and site-to-site. A remote access enables the user to access internet from a distant location (Hancock 30). A site-to-site VPN connection connects two sides of a private network. A good VPN must provide authentication, integrity, confidentiality, and anti-reply (Maiward 23). Authentication is vital security concern, and takes place at two levels known as machine-level and user-level (Hancock 243). Machine-level authentication is used for VPN connections during the establishment of IP-sec connection. User-level authentication takes place before data can be transferred through tunnel (Mairward 28). VPN Security is critical in many aspects because it has dramatically changed the way people conduct business. If an organization has users that are utilizing remote access, the risk of running into hackers poses a serious threat for a client. In order to remove this threat, using an ap plication such as MacAfee helps clients avoid malicious infiltration (Mairward 28). The traffic between Web browser and the VPN device is encrypted with SSL. Two types of main SSL VPNS are portal and tunnel. A SSL portal VPN secures multiple network services while a SSL tunnel VPN allows clients to access one or more VPN devices via the Web browser (â€Å"SSL VPN Security†). How do VPNs work? A standard VPN might have a main LAN at the head headquarters of an organization while the others LANs can be located at remote offices (â€Å"SSL VPN Security†). A VPN uses a public network, which is internet in most cases, and is necessary in order to connect to distant sites instead of using â€Å"leased lines†(â€Å"Virtual Private

Effectiveness of Guidelines in Improving Patient Care

Effectiveness of Guidelines in Improving Patient Care This brief considers the empirical literature on the use of clinical guidelines in patient care. It is argued that negative guideline characteristics and justified concerns amongst doctors negate satisfactory adherence. Clinical guidelines have been part of the UK landscape for many decades, as a means of improving health care for patients (Woolf et al, 1999). Research evidence suggests that a significant proportion of physicians do not adhere to clinical guidelines in patient care (e.g. Grol et al, 1998; Forsythe et al, 1999; Sherr et al, 2001; White, 2001; Thomas et al, 2003). Sherr et al (2001) investigated adherence of Obstetric Units in the UK and Eire to antenatal HIV testing policies. The Department of Health and Royal College of Obstetricians have both issued specified guidelines, which require that antenatal HIV testing be offered to all pregnant women, and adherence to these benchmarks has generated some debate. Data from 89% of antenatal units was analysed. Only 10% of units offered testing to all presenting women, and these units were concentrated in areas of high HIV prevalence (i.e. London). Other units operated selective screening policies (offering antenatal testing to some women, identified on the basis of clinical criteria) or ‘on request’ screening. Forsythe et al (1999) studied adherence of senior NHS staff (consultants, general practitioners) towards BMA guidelines on the ethical responsibilities doctors have towards themselves and their families. The Academy of Royal Medical Colleges, and the General Medical Council both endorse these guidelines, which generally require that doctors do not assume responsibility for their own personal (or family’s) health care. Questionnaire data was collected from four randomly chosen NHS Trusts and three local medical communities in the London (South Thames) area. Personal use of health services was the outcome measure. Results showed that although most doctors (96%) were registered with a GP, the majority (63% of GPs and 59% of consultants) had not consulted their GP in the past year. Almost a quarter (24%) of consultants stated they would never see a GP before obtaining consultant advice. The majority (71% of GPs and 76% of consultants) self-prescribed drugs ‘usually’ or ‘sometimes’. Forsythe et al (1999) concluded â€Å"senior doctors are not following the BMA guidelines on looking after their own and their families health† (p.608). Clinical guidelines are thought to have significant benefits for patient care (Woolf et al, 1999). However, research findings on the impact of guidelines are mixed (Morrison et al, 2001; Bennewith et al, 2002; Bousquet et al, 2003). Bousquet et al (2003) conducted a randomised controlled trial assessing the value of guidelines of the International Consensus on Rhinitis (ICR) in caring for patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. GPs were randomised into two groups: one group followed ICR guidelines (patients received an oral anti-histamine, a topical corticosteroid, and/or a topical ocular cromone) while the other group were free to choose appropriate treatment for patients. Outcome measures were degree of impairment[1] and symptom medication scores. Patients treated by the guidelines strategy GPs generated lower symptom scores over a three-week period compared with patients assigned to free-choice GPs. Furthermore, patients in the guideline group reported greater reductions in their degree of impairment compared to the free choice group. This trial clearly demonstrated the benefits for patients of implementing clinical guidelines. Diggory et al (2003) reviewed the results of five audits relating to cardiovascular-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) at the Mayday University Hospital. At least one audit focused on doctors’ adherence to elderly care policy and guidelines recommended by the Royal College of Physicians. Documentation of a CPR decision, review of all patients, and documentation of any changes to the CPR decision became policy in the emergency department. CPR decisions were documented by both trainee doctors and consultants for >91% of cases. Consultants reviewed 93% of patients within 24hours, and documented a CPR decision in 81% of cases. Benefits for patients seemed to present in a reduction in DNAR[2] orders. Other research suggests that the benefits of guideline adherence for patients may be more limited. Morrison et al (2001; Bennewith et al, 2002) assessed the impact of clinical guidelines for the management of infertility, in both primary and secondary care settings. . Figure 1 Clinical investigations completed for intervention and control practices (Morrison et al, 2001) Over 200 general practices and NHS hospitals accepting referrals for infertility in Greater Glasgow were randomised to a control or intervention condition. The intervention group received clinical guidelines. No group differences were found in referral rates, albeit referrals from intervention practices were more complete, incorporating all essential clinical investigations (e.g. semen analysis, rubella immunity) (see Figure 1). No group differences emerged in the percentage of referrals in which a management plan was achieved within one year, in the mean duration between first appointment and date of management plan, and costs of referrals. On the whole, this study demonstrates a differential effect of guideline adherence across different criteria of patient care. Despite the (modest) increase in the number of recommended clinical investigations performed prior to referral, clinical guidelines were no more cost effective than having no guidelines. Overall, research findings are mixed regarding the benefits of guideline adherence for patient. Nevertheless, improvements in some aspects of care have been demonstrated. What guideline characteristics are pertinent to adherence? Michie et al (2004) assessed the reasons why GPs do not always conform to guidelines. The focus was on guidelines set by the UKs National Service Framework (NSF) for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). London based GPs, who were classified as either ‘high implementers’ (adhered to five or more of 6 CHD standards) or ‘low implementers’ (adhered to 1 or 2 guidelines), were interviewed on their beliefs, self-reported behaviours, and organisational context. Several issues differentiated the two groups: views about evidence based practice; control over clinical practice; and the repercussions of adhering to guidelines. Low implementers were more sceptical about evidence-based practice, more worried about the lack of control over the development and implementation of guidelines, and their own professional duties as doctors, and adverse consequences for GPs/patients that outweigh any benefits. This study highlights the importance of GP attitudes towards guideline adherence. Irani et al (2003) emphasised the methodological characteristics of the guidelines themselves. They assessed the quality of national clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lower urinary tract symptoms. Two independent assessors appraised methodological quality of the CPGs using the St.Georges Hospital Medical School Health Care Evaluation Unit Appraisal Instrument. This tool incorporates items gauging three criteria: rigour of development (e.g. ‘Is there a description of the sources of information used to select the evidence on which the recommendations are based?’), context and content (e.g. ‘Is there a satisfactory description of the patients to which the guidelines are meant to apply?’), and clinical application (‘Does the guideline document suggest possible methods for dissemination and implementation?’). Analysis revealed substantial variability in quality across CPGs. Grol et al (1998) found an association between guideline characteristics and adherence. An observation design was used to study 47 specific recommendations from 10 clinical guidelines in relation to 12 different guideline characteristics. For example, evidence base, clinical experience, concerned with daily practice, and ambiguity. Regression analysis revealed three key characteristics that predicted most of the variance in compliance rate: ‘the recommendation is vague and not precisely defined’, ‘the recommendation demands change of fixed routines’, and ‘the recommendation is controversial and not compatible with current values’. Figure 2 Rates of compliance across guideline attributes (present or absent) (Grol et al, 1998) Figure 2 illustrates differentials in adherence rates as a function of the presence or absence of different guideline attributes. In general practitioners were more likely to comply in the presence of an evidence base, capacity to solve clinical problems, precisely described, and media publicity. Compliance was also more probable in the absence of capacity to provoke patients, requiring change to clinical routines, significant consequences for management, demanding new skills/training, controversy, complexity, and ambiguity. Clinical guidelines in the UK have historically been prescribed by a multiplicity of agencies, notably the Department of Health, and profession-specific bodies, such as the Royal College or Surgeons, Royal College of Nursing, and British Medical Association. The National Centre for Clinical Excellence (NICE) currently sets clinical guidelines. This body continually publishes benchmarks for most areas of clinical practice. The Department of Health has also established Essence of Care standards, which have a more generic focus (DOH, 2003). Guidelines are purportedly based on empirical evidence, notably randomised control trials, hence satisfying the requirement for evidence-based practice. However, reservations amongst GPs about the notion of evidence-based guidelines, which often fall outside their clinical experience, has been identified as one reason for low adherence amongst doctors (The BRIDGE Study Group, 2002; Michie et al, 2004). GP scepticism is partly justified. Morice and Parry-Billings (2006) discuss the validity of such ‘evidence’, identifying several important important issues. Firstly, NICE, the DOH, and other relevant prescribing bodies rely on clinical trials, many of which select patient groups â€Å"to give the trial treatment maximum scope to show an effect†. Then there is publication bias –studies showing positive or dramatic effects are more likely to be published than studies showing no difference/effect. Guidelines are often linked to meta-analyses, which by definition will be ‘infected’ by the research biases already mentioned. What is worrying is that many national guidelines are adapted locally, in the form of hospital policy (e.g. Sherr et al, 2001; Diggory et al, 2003), and these adaptations may have an even weaker evidence base than the national benchmarks set by NICE, DOH, and other prescribers. None of this is likely to improve GPs attitudes towards guideline adherence. Do doctors need guidelines? In a discussion of heart disease regulations in the UK, Petch (2002) argued that the specification of treatment criteria has not been very successful in the USA and other countries. Adherence to guidelines is criticised on three grounds. Firstly, guidelines imply universal health care, an ideal most nations cannot afford, least of all the UK, which relies on rationing (i.e. waiting) due to limited health resources. Attempting to implement similar standards for every single patient is expensive. Secondly, recommended treatments can often have complications/side effects, so that certain treatments may be inappropriate for certain patients, but yet be a mandatory therapy, which the doctor is compelled to follow regardless. Thirdly, administering the same treatment to all patients is not cost-effective. The treatment may not benefit every patient. It is usually not clear â€Å"which patients will benefit from which drugs and hence the victim of a heart attack will be recommended to take aspirin, a statin, a ÃŽ ² blocker, and an angiotensin converting inhibitor, in addition to other drugs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p.474). Nevertheless, guidelines remain an integral element of patient care. This raises an important question: what kind of support do GPs require in order to adhere to guidelines? Marshall et al (2001) investigated factors that facilitate guideline acceptance in health professionals. Representatives from general practices in the NHS Northern and Yorkshire region were interviewed. Thematic analysis highlighted several issues including the need for training (staff often lacked the requisite clinical expertise to implement some guidelines), a conflict between responsibility and control (nurses/doctors are responsible for implementing criteria, but have no say over resource allocation), the and ‘cul-de-sac’ of patient non-compliance (e.g. little can be done if patients refuse treatment, and this is interpreted as failure of staff to adhere to guidelines). CONCLUSION Several key issues have emerged from this review. Firstly, research findings are mixed regarding the benefits of clinical guidelines for patient care. There is clearly a need for more randomised controlled trials. The benefits for patients probably vary across disease types, clinical setting, and doctor and patient characteristics. Doctors have serious concerns about the use of guidelines in patient care, and these reservations are mostly justified. Perhaps the most defensible concerns relate to questionable evidence base, the need to account for differences in how individual patients respond to treatment, and poor guideline characteristics, such as ambiguity. Unsatisfactory guideline implementation by doctors will probably persist until these problems are fully addressed by NICE and the Department of Health. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bennewith, O., Stocks, N., Gunnell, D., Peters, T.J., Evans, M.O. Sharp, D.J. (2002) General practice based intervention to prevent repeat episodes of deliberate self harm: cluster randomised controlled trial. British Medical  Journal, 324, p.1254. Bousquet, J., Lund, V.J., van Cauwenberge, P., Bremard-Oury, C., Mounedi, N., Stevens, M.T. El-Akkad, T. (2003) Implementation of guidelines for seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomised controlled trial. Allergy, 58, pp.733-741. Diggory, P., Cauchi, L., Griffith, D., Jones, V., Lawrence, E., Mehta, A., O’Mahony, P. Vigus, J. (2003) The influence of new guidelines on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) decisions. Five cycles of audit of a clerk proforma which included a resuscitation decision. Resuscitation, 56, pp.159-165. Forsythe, M., Calnan, M. Wall, B. (1999) Doctors as patients: postal survey examining consultants and general practitioners adherence to guidelines.  British Medical Journal, 319, pp.605-608. Grol, R., Dalhuijsen, J., Thomas, S., Veld, C.I., Rutten, G. Mokkink, H. (1998) Attributes of clinical guidelines that influence use of guidelines in general practice: observational study. British Medical Journal, 317, pp.858-861. Irani, J., Brown, C.T., van der Meulen, J. Emberton, M. (2003) A review of guidelines on benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms: are all guidelines the same? British Journal of Urology, 92, pp.937-942. Marshall, J.L., Mead, P., Jones, K., Kaba, E. Roberts, A.P. (2001) The implementation of venous leg ulcer guidelines: process analysis of the intervention used in a multi-centre, pragmatic, randomised, controlled trial.  Journal of Clinical Nursing, 10, pp.758-766. Michie, S., Hendy, J., Smith, J. Adshead, F. (2004) Evidence into practice: a theory based study of achieving national health targets in primary care. Journal of  Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 10, pp.447-456. Morice, A.H. Parry-Billings, M. (2006) Evidence based guidelines – a step too far?  Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 19, pp.230-232. Morrison, J., Carroll, L., Twaddle, S., Cameron, I., Grimshaw, J., Leyland, A., Baillie, H. Watt, G. (2001) Pragmatic randomised controlled trial to evaluate guidelines for the management of infertility across the primary care-secondary care interface. British Medical Journal, 322, pp.1-5. Petch, M.C. (2002) Heart disease guidelines, regulations, and the law. Heart, 87, pp.472-479. Sherr, L., Bergenstrom, A., Bell, E., McCann, E. Hudson, C.N. (2001) Adherence to policy guidelines – a review of HIV ante-natal screening policies in the UK and Eire. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 6, pp.463-471. The BRIDGE Study Group (2002) Responses of primary health care professionals to UK national guidelines on the management and referral of women with breast conditions. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 8, pp.319-325. Thomas, A.N., Pilkington, C.E. Greer, R. (2003) Critical incident reporting in UK intensive care units: a postal survey. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 9, pp.59-68. White, S.M. (2001) An audit of audit and continued educational and professional development. Anaesthesia, 56, pp.1003-1004. Woolf, S.H., Grol, R., Hutchinson, A., Eccles, M. Grimshaw, J. (1999) Clinical guidelines: potential benefits, limitations, and harms of clinical guidelines.  British Medical Journal, 318, pp.527-530. Footnotes [1] Using the Standardised Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ). [2] ‘Do not attempt resuscitation’

The Odyssey Homer characterizes the Kyklops in such a way as to reveal :: Classics

The Odyssey Homer characterizes the Kyklops in such a way as to reveal the birth of Odysseus’s well profound strengths as well as his inability to exercise restraint.In this essay I will analyze the significance of the one eyed Kyklops The Odyssey Homer characterizes the Kyklops in such a way as to reveal the birth of Odysseus’s well profound strengths as well as his inability to exercise restraint. In this essay I will analyze the significance of the one eyed Kyklops Polyphemos as an attempt to study Homer’s characterizing of the main character Odysseus. I will analyze the Kyklops’s interaction with Odysseus and will identify the various literary techniques used by Homer while simultaneously explaining the significance and effectiveness of these methods to the plot development of this epic poem. In order to present this pre-eminent epic of action to a more striking effect, Homer uses two devices of characterization, the epithet and the simile in book IX when he describes the scene involving Polyphemos and Odysseus. Both techniques were used to provide additional information about the two characters and to reveal different aspects of Homer’s development of Odyssey’s state of mind. After the war of Troy Odysseus and his crew attempted to find their way back to Odysseus’s home Ithaca, but due to their lack of responsibility they were met with some resistance and choose to rest on a strange island inhabited by a Kyklops. Upon arriving on the island Odysseus and his men naively feasted on readily abundant food found in a secluded cave without first exploring the island to see whether any threats lay near. Then curious Odysseus suggested that they explore and seek knowledge about the native people of the unconquered lands in order to decipher whether they were â€Å"wild savages †¦ or hospitable†¦ god fearing men† (188 -189). This is the first instance amidst a series of others where Odysseus neglects his role as leader and causes the fate of his crew and the journey to become jeopardized. His decision to explore the island of is what caused his main goal of returning home to Ithaca to become destined for failure. Odysseus stumbles onto a prodigious giant; this giant was Polyphemos, son of Poseidon, Greek God and ruler of the seas. When Polyphemos returns to his cave (the same cave where Odysseus and his men feasted) he realizes that his unannounced guests were expecting a warm welcome despite the fact that they had just finished raiding his cattle. The giant understandably refuses to show them any hospitality and begins to devour them one by one. Through this chaotic encounter the consequences of Odysseus’s bad leadership skills materialize, and we The Odyssey Homer characterizes the Kyklops in such a way as to reveal :: Classics The Odyssey Homer characterizes the Kyklops in such a way as to reveal the birth of Odysseus’s well profound strengths as well as his inability to exercise restraint.In this essay I will analyze the significance of the one eyed Kyklops The Odyssey Homer characterizes the Kyklops in such a way as to reveal the birth of Odysseus’s well profound strengths as well as his inability to exercise restraint. In this essay I will analyze the significance of the one eyed Kyklops Polyphemos as an attempt to study Homer’s characterizing of the main character Odysseus. I will analyze the Kyklops’s interaction with Odysseus and will identify the various literary techniques used by Homer while simultaneously explaining the significance and effectiveness of these methods to the plot development of this epic poem. In order to present this pre-eminent epic of action to a more striking effect, Homer uses two devices of characterization, the epithet and the simile in book IX when he describes the scene involving Polyphemos and Odysseus. Both techniques were used to provide additional information about the two characters and to reveal different aspects of Homer’s development of Odyssey’s state of mind. After the war of Troy Odysseus and his crew attempted to find their way back to Odysseus’s home Ithaca, but due to their lack of responsibility they were met with some resistance and choose to rest on a strange island inhabited by a Kyklops. Upon arriving on the island Odysseus and his men naively feasted on readily abundant food found in a secluded cave without first exploring the island to see whether any threats lay near. Then curious Odysseus suggested that they explore and seek knowledge about the native people of the unconquered lands in order to decipher whether they were â€Å"wild savages †¦ or hospitable†¦ god fearing men† (188 -189). This is the first instance amidst a series of others where Odysseus neglects his role as leader and causes the fate of his crew and the journey to become jeopardized. His decision to explore the island of is what caused his main goal of returning home to Ithaca to become destined for failure. Odysseus stumbles onto a prodigious giant; this giant was Polyphemos, son of Poseidon, Greek God and ruler of the seas. When Polyphemos returns to his cave (the same cave where Odysseus and his men feasted) he realizes that his unannounced guests were expecting a warm welcome despite the fact that they had just finished raiding his cattle. The giant understandably refuses to show them any hospitality and begins to devour them one by one. Through this chaotic encounter the consequences of Odysseus’s bad leadership skills materialize, and we

Agricultural Revolution Essay

Back in the early years, people have their very own way to survive in this world. They went for hunting edible animals in the juggle or gather in a village or place so that they could obtain food supplies. Could we imagine how tough it was for these people merely to get food for living, so that they could continue their life and preserve the continuation of human being? But thankfully it changed in 1700s when people started to make agricultural revolution, by that means people domesticated plants and animals so that they could sustain their life by having food stocks that they preserved. Although there were group of hunters that still hunting during that time, the agricultural revolution has impacted many or should I say most of the people in this world. They started to make their own land into agriculture field where they could use it for farming and animal’s production. During this stage, usually the production of food supply and the crops yield just adequate for their own f amily supplies and it was not for commercial purpose. When it came to another stage of Agricultural revolution, where this revolution brought a very significant impact in civilization and economic development; in which the era was called by the dawn of civilization. The Agricultural Revolution resulted in a food surplus, not unlike the original agricultural revolution which allowed civilization to develop. The agricultural revolution was a period of agricultural development between the 18th century and the end of the 19th century, which we could describe as one of vast and rapid increase in agricultural productivity and drastic improvements in farm technology. This idea of Agricultural revolution can be proved, as more experimental farmers has developed good and healthy seeds, cross breeding animals that potentially increase their life and prevent any diseases, nutritious soil or dirt, effective fertilizers, a good and efficient system of drainage and fencing. In addition, these enhancements of science have reasonably produced an effici ent fertilizer thus it was one of major factors that increased the productivity of soil. Lastly, there were also multitude of great inventions such as seed drills, plow, moldboard and many more. These machines or inventions have made the farmer’s work became easier than it ever was and it also increased the productivity of crops and animals. I found a quote from  one of my readings and it effectively related to agricultural revolution, â€Å"Thus not only will the same amount of land be able to feed more people; but each of them, with less labor, will be employed more productively and will be able to satisfy his needs better.† (Condorcet, 1793) There were a number of the factors that triggered the idea of agricultural revolution and new farming method in that particular of time, in which obviously because the lack of food supplies while at the same time they also were facing overpopulation. Furthermore, people were desperately trying to overcome this deficient issue and came up with the ideas to increase the production of food by planting on their own. Apart from that, the industrial revolution also played a crucial role for agricultural revolution to rise. B oth of these revolutions were closely related because of the idea of having better living and civilization. In fact, it is impossible for industrial revolution to take place without agricultural revolution. Besides, agricultural revolution also was triggered by the improvement of transportation method such as roads, railroads, refrigerated railroad, cars and trucks. By using this improvement of transportation technology, the farmer could increase the quantity of crops yield being brought to the market hence maximize their profit. According to my professor, Deborah Symonds has stated â€Å"the changes in farming that made fortunes for some, and left others anxious and evicted from their farms.† Based on that statement, we can tell that there were possibility of pros and cons from the agricultural revolution phenomenon. However, I strongly believe that the pros outweigh the cons as the impact of agricultural revolution towards the society highly important. As we know, the development of science has created an improved quality of fertilizer that eventually impacted more productive land . As we know, productive land would produce vast productions of crops and animals. This would lead to an even and stable population growth and contribution of food supplies, in which it became a key factor to the overcoming of famine problem. Apart from that, the increased of the population had produced a greater demand from the people for goods such as clothing. It is said that agricultural revolution had been the stepping stone to the Industrial Revolution. This has resulted in more construction of industrial factories hence increased the work opportunity for the people. On the other hand, the cons of agricultural revolution was that it included the reallocation of land ownership. When the  land happened to be more productive, it increased in value. It attracted these capitalists to be investors for food plantation and domestic farmers to buy the land in a large scale so that they could utilize it to produce large crops and vast production of animals. The consequence affected those small farm owners, or people who started with small area of land found themselves left out. It led to the eviction of small farming family from their own land for example the Highland Clearance in Scotland. In conclusion, Agricultural revolution had played a very significant role in shaping our modern day. I personally believe that we could not live as modern as it should be without agricultural revolution in fact I imagine that we could still go for hunting for food supplies just for the matter of survival. It made me think that this revolution has overcome world’s greatest problem, the deficient food and kept us away from famine. The Agricultural revolution was indeed a crucial phenomenon that ever happened in development of civilization.

Essay on The Zodiac Killer - 2094 Words

The Zodiac Killer The late 1960’s and early 1970’s were a time of great change in America. The Vietnam War, the civil rights movement and the sexual revolution were just some of the issues on the evening news in American households. For citizens of the San Francisco Bay area, as well as the rest of California, the late 60’s early 70’represented terror, fear and death. â€Å"The bizarre and theatrical and still unresolved serial murders by real-life ghoul who called himself Zodiac, who claimed in letters to have killed 37 people (though police have focused on five homicides and two attempted murders in the greater Bay Area in 1968 and 1969† (Booth,2) have intrigued people for nearly four decades. How has Zodiac remained so elusive? What†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The shot made a deafening blast, as the bullet entered David’s head blowing it apart† (Wark, 5). With David out of the way, the killer turned his attention back to Betty. â€Å"He pursued her through the woods, his gun drawn and shot her five times in the back from less than ten feet away†(Wark,5). David was still alive, but Betty was dead. In the ambulance David was able to give the police an account of the events that had taken place, but he died shortly after from his wounds. Upon investigation, the police came up with nothing, and ruled the murder a random homicide. Darlene Ferrin, a close friend of the first two victims, was the next victim of the Zodiac. On Friday, July 4th, 1969, Darlene made arrangements with friend Michael Mageau to go to the movies. Darlene picked Michael up from his apartment that evening, and from the beginning it was apparent that they were being followed. Darlene took many country back roads and traveled at very high speeds to try to lose the pursuing vehicle, but with no success. The vehicle forced Darlene’s car off of the road and into the parking lot of the Blue Rock Springs Golf cours e. Once the pursuer had sufficiently blocked them from any further movement in the car, he stepped out of his vehicle with a lantern in his hand. â€Å"Mike could feel intense heat throughout his body. He had been shot. The bullets were still being fired as Darlene slumped over theShow MoreRelatedThe Zodiac Killer1732 Words   |  7 PagesLucas Kelleher/ Street Law 10/3/08 The Zodiac Killer The Zodiac Killer is a serial killer who operated in Northern California in the late 1960s. His identity to this day still remains unknown. The Zodiac coined his name in a series of taunting letters he sent to the press. His letters included four cryptograms (or ciphers), three of which have yet to be solved. The Zodiac murdered five known victims in Benicia, Vallejo, Lake Berryessa, and San Francisco between December 1968 and October 1969.Read MoreEssay on The Zodiac Killer2341 Words   |  10 PagesThe Zodiac Killer Works Cited Not Included In the late sixties and early seventies, California was haunted by dozens of unsolved murders. The offender remains unknown to this day. The murderer, who referred to himself as the Zodiac, made contact with the police and area newspapers throughout his reign of terror through a series of menacing notes. Although the police were never able to apprehend Zodiac, they were able to gather information about him via the letters. Zodiac boasted of killingRead More The Zodiac Killer Essay2809 Words   |  12 Pagesear. The shot made a deafening blast, as the bullet entered David’s head at a horizontal angle, blowing it apart (Tina 3). With David out of his way, the killer turned his attention back to Betty. He pursued her through the woods, his gun drawn, and shot her five times in the back from less than ten feet away. (Tina 3). The killer then got back into his car, and drove away as quickly as he had appeared. David, amazingly, was still alive, and bleeding profusely from his wounds, but Betty wasRead MoreThe Zodiac Killer Project2069 Words   |  9 PagesThe Zodiac Killer Project The crime spree murders of the Zodiac killer is one of the greatest unsolved murdered cases of all time. The Zodiac’s murders took place from later 1960s, through to about 1972. Most of The Zodiac’s murders took place in Northern California. Some main areas where murders took place are Benicia, Vallejo, Lake Berryessa, and San Francisco, California. Two out of the four men that were attacked lived and three women out of the three were killed. The ages of the victims goesRead MoreEssay On The Zodiac Killer1734 Words   |  7 PagesThis is the Zodiac Speaking â€Å"I like killing people, because it is fun. It is more fun than killing wild game in the forest, because man is the most dangerous animal of all.† These are the words spoken by a man who terrorized the area of San Francisco, California for two years, lurking in the shadows killing five people, but taking credit for 37 different murders. This man taunted police, seeing his murders as one giant game, sending cryptic messages to the newspapers, forcing them to publish themRead More The Elusive Zodiac Killer Essays2062 Words   |  9 PagesThe Elusive Zodiac Killer Serial killers almost without exception enjoy playing games. Whether played with their victims’, or the police forces trying to track them down, the game of the kill is almost as essential as the murder itself. In most instances this need to draw out the experience leads to the downfall of the culprit. This was not the case with the elusive Zodiac Killer of the San Francisco Bay Area. Zodiac’s career, which would become the most cerebral murder case ofRead MoreEssay On The Zodiac Killer3047 Words   |  13 PagesLaw enforcement officers meet in San Francisco in 1969 to compare notes on the Zodiac Killer, who is believed to have killed five people in 1968 and 1969. The killer gained notoriety by writing several letters to police boasting of the slayings. He claimed to have killed as many as 37 people and has never been caught..Zodiac kill up to 45 people and more that they dont know about because he kill people in a different way in the different town that he was in but he word the same thing every timeRead MoreTaking a Look at the Zodiac Killer1610 Words   |  6 Pages The Zodiac Killer is one of the greatest unsolved serial killer mysteries, after Jack the Ripper. There were 2,500 suspects, but the case was never solved. The Zodiac’s first known victim is Cheri Jo Bates. His first letter, Confession, mentioned Cheri and said, â€Å" she is not the first and she will not be the last†. Six months after Cheri’s death, the killer sent copies of the letters to the Riverside Press, the police, and her dad. Since the killer knew her dad, the police thought that CheriRead MoreThe Zodiac Killer Case Revisited1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe Zodiac Killer Case Revisited I. List of crimes The horrors in California began on Friday, December 20, 1968 in the city of Vallejo when sixteen-year-old Betty Lou Jensen and seventeen-year-old David Faraday were killed while out on a date. At the time, according to Haugen (2011), they had driven to a remote lover’s lane on Lake Herman Road. It was while they were there that a vehicle stopped nearby and the driver got out, shot out the rear passenger window of David Faraday’s station wagonRead More The Zodiac Killer Essay examples1229 Words   |  5 Pages Much is unknown about the Zodiac killer, but given what is known about serial killers in general, this man was probably born between 1938 and 1943. That would make his age between 25 and 30 years old at the time of his first murder in Vallejo, California, in 1968. Also, that age estimate works with witness statements and its supported by Zodiacs references to his victims in younger terms in his letters of 1969. Zodiac wasnt an attractive character from what we kn ow. He may have had to wear glasses