How Does Adhd Affect A Person - 884 Words

Observation #1: How does ADHD affect a person? Question: how does ADHD affect a person? Research Method: I am choosing to use the case study’s as my route of study, because they are study’s that have already been done on this subject so I can gather a lot of information in just a short amount of time. I will also ask my mom about it to because she has raised a child with ADHD so she can see the effect ADHD has on her child. Problems I may face: but I should be care when looking at these case study’s, because some case study’s if I am not careful what site I am on may not always apply accurate data. So I need to be careful to watch out for unreliable references of case studies. Hypothesis: I believe I will find that ADHD makes it hard for a person to focus, and it makes it hard for them to be able to do every day things like adding or subtracting and other things that other people would find really simple and probably even take for granted. Research: ADHD- a disorder that makes it hard to do normal everyday jobs. It says on http://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Resource_Centers/ADHD_Resource_Center/ADHD_A_Guide_for_Families/What_is_ADHD.aspx that â€Å"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD is a common childhood illness that can be treated. It is a health condition involving biologically active substances in the brain. Studies show that ADHD may affect certain areas of the brain that allow us to solve problems, plan ahead, understand others’ actions, andShow MoreRelatedAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder Research Paper1195 Words   |  5 PagesAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a brain based developmental disorder that comes in three different subtypes: ADHD inattentive (ADHD-I), is most common among girls and is associated with greater number of academic problems especially in math and affect listening, learning, and remembering. The second and third subtype is ADHD hyperactive- impulsive type (ADHD-H) and ADHD combined type (ADHD-HI) it is most common in males and is associated with talking to oneself, getting in troubleRead MoreTre Torres. Block 7Pwell. Add Adhd Position Paper. 1/9/17.1209 Words   |  5 Pages Tre Torres Block 7 Pwell ADD ADHD position paper 1/9/17 ADHD; It’s not just an Excuse My entire life I’ve struggled with ADHD. I’m capable of all the work given to me but so many teachers don’t understand how much of a struggle it is for me to focus. It’s not just an excuse for me to be lazy, or get time extensions. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder more well known as ADHD defined by Mayo Clinic as â€Å"A chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsivenessRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder or ADHD Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesHyper Activity Disorder or ADHD is a dysfunction in the brain. People that were diagnosed with ADHD will show these symptoms; poor attention span, excessive impulsivity, and hyperactivity. These symptoms will cause people diagnosed with ADHD trouble in organization, memory, focus, sitting still, and staying quiet. ADHD was first identified in 1902 by Professor Still. Professor Still was observing children that showed the signs of a person diagnosed with ADHD. He noted how children could not sit stillRead MoreChen, Y., Wen, F., Zhou, K., Yang, C., Zhang, W., Li,1602 Words   |  7 Pagesdeficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in children. The purpose of this article is to gather more information and learn more about the disorder known as ADHD. I chose this article to further along my research question of how children with ADHD are affected in their daily lives because in order to know how a child is affected by a disorder one must first be well informed about said disorder and must also have the willingness to try and comprehend that this disorder affects every child differently. CorneliusRead MoreAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesHyperactivity Disorder can make a person’s everyday life more difficult, but this does not only apply to the one diagnosed. Living with someone with ADHD or even being friends with someone with ADHD can have an effect on a person’s life. From the patients impulsive actions, all the way to their inability to pay attention to what someone is saying can affect everyone around them. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder does have a temporary cure though. Stimulants like Adderall and Vyvanse all the wayRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1390 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Let me see if Philip can be a little gentleman; Let me see if he is able to sit still for once at the table† (Hammerness 4). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is being able to look someone directly in the face, and not hear a word they said. It is a day like any other day, you are sitting at your desk in your plush office at work, and it is so quiet you could hear a pin drop. Off in the distance, you can hear the slightest chatter of two co-workers. You should be able to focus, butRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesdisorders among children. Seen through a child eyes with ADHD is like a fast-moving kaleidoscope, where sounds, images and thoughts are constantly turning. Every person has experienced some of these symptoms once in their life. Just not everyday all day like a person with ADHD. This does not only affect the person with the disorder but the people around them. Whether it is your mom and dad, teacher, friends, or siblings. They need to understand that ADHD is a real disability that effects all aspects ofRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1133 Words   |  5 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, affects about â€Å"5% of children and about 2.5% of adults† (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 61). â€Å"The main features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity, or a combination of both† (Grohol, 2013). Symptoms for hyperactivities includes fidgeting, talking a lot, running or climbing excessively, not being able to play quietly. Symptoms for impulsive behavior this includes blurting out answersRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay964 Words   |  4 Pages Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is very commonly known. Today, ADHD is one of the most common mental disorders among children. The NIMH (The national institute of mental health) predicts that it affecting 3 to 5 percent of all children(AACAP), with an approximate amount of 30% to 65% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood (AACAP).There are three types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder;Read MoreMisunderstood Minds: ADHAD in College Students1434 Words   |  6 PagesAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, generally known as ADHD can be described as having a nonstop conversation with yourself. Constant racing thoughts, changing from one thing to another, not needing coffee because you already have a buzzed. Instead of walking, you are running. Standing in line for one minute feels like five hours. Always on the go and never looking back because, it would cause you to slow down. Imagine that always happening a nd not being able to control any of it. Unfortunately

Blood Donation Reasons to Donate Free Essays

Q: Hav u ever donated ur blood? Y? MKT case from America’s Blood Centers(ABC). It was founded in 1962 and is the national network of nonprofit, independent community blood centers. The members of it work for more than 125 million ppl and more than 3,100 hospitals. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Donation: Reasons to Donate or any similar topic only for you Order Now It carried out a survey nationwide via telephone interviews in order to encourage ppl to donate blood. Reasons for giving blood: umani’tarian reasons as their primary reason for donating blood; 4 out of 6 top reasons are al’truistic motives: helping the community and responding a blood shortage Wanting to help others 34% Responding to a blood drive 25% Helping the community 13% hearing about a shortage 7% Because I might need it someday 4% Helping a local child 2% Reasons for not donating blood 44% cite health issues as reason for not†¦this group is likely to be difficult to call up donating. risk health); however, ;half(52%) say other reasons: being scared of the process and unawareness never thought about it 17% too busy 15% scared of process 10% afraid of infection 4% don’t know where/how to give 4% don’t know anyone in need 2% !many reasons could be eliminated by some specific education about the ease,speed and safety of the process of the blood donation. and make ppl aware the need for blood. ABC gave some effective msgs to encourage blood donation. family member, frd or child is in need. 86% 92% extremely and compelling†¦(see in table 4. 3) In addition, it find out the ppl who donated 1-2 times, 18-34 yrs ones and ppl who said†never thought about it†as the reason for not donating are most likely to change mind to donate blood. while the target were asked twice about the question: whether someone is likely to donate blood in the next 12 months. The yes answer grows from 34% to 41% It turns out that roughly 8% of respondents switched to yes while only 2%.. no. How to cite Blood Donation: Reasons to Donate, Essay examples

International Finance Exchange Rate Analysis

Question: Describe about the difference between the interest rates of two nations is same as the difference between the forward exchange rate and spot exchange rate (Baker Riddick, 2013)? Answer: Exchange Rate Analysis Interest Rate Parity The theory of interest rate parity describes that the difference between the interest rates of two nations is same as the difference between the forward exchange rate and spot exchange rate (Baker Riddick, 2013). In foreign currency market, the role of interest rate parity is very much important. According to IRP, there is no arbitrage possibility in the market (Bishop, 2004). It does not matter that investor invest the money in home market or in the foreign market because the investor will get same return. Example: There are two options available for the investment in interest rate parity. One is domestic investment and another is foreign investment (Choi, 2003). Suppose, the amount of 2000 is available for the investment and the time period is one year. The spot exchange rate between U.S.A and Euro is $1. 2245/ In case of domestic investment, The rate of return is 3% for one year. The value of investment in US dollar = 2000 1.2245 = $ 2449 If the amount is invested in domestic market, the return will be: $ 2449 + ($ 2449 3%) = $2522.47 In case of foreign investment Suppose the amount is invested in Euro market at the rate of 5 % for one year. The forward exchange rate for one year is $1.20025/. So, the return = 2000 + (2000 5%) = 2100 Then, it is required to convert in US currency. So, the return in US currency = 2100 1.20025 = 2520.52 Therefore, it is observed that there is no arbitrage option from the investment even it is invested in foreign market. Purchasing Power Parity This theory implies that there is required to adjust the exchange rate between nations to make the currency value at par in regards to the purchasing power of individual nation (Eun, Resnick Sabherwal, 2012). This theory is used for comparing the income level of different nations. If the exchange rate is adjusted, the price of same will be same when it converted in a one currency. Example: Suppose the cost of a pen in Euro market is 3.6 and in US market is $3. Then the adjustment of cost between Euro market and US market is (3.6/3) i.e. 1.2. So, to spend one dollar in pen, it would have to spend 1.2 for obtaining the same quantity and quality pen. The mentioned theories cover the exchange rate and shows there is no arbitrage possibility. It will be better to use the theories altogether for getting better results. Forecasting Exchange Rate Purchasing Power Parity Method This method is very much popular method for forecasting the exchange rate. PPP approach follows the law that the price of a same product will be same if it is converted in one currency (Kirton, 2009). There will be no extra earning if on product is sold in one country after buying from another country at a cheap. According to the underlying principle, it helps to estimate that the exchange rate would change to offset prices changes for the impact of inflation (Levi, 2009). Suppose it is expected that the price of U.S. may increase by 5% over the upcoming year. On the other hand, it is expected that the price in Euro market will increase by just 3%. So, the difference in inflation rate between the two nations is 2%. It indicates that the increasing rate in price of U.S. is higher than the price of Euro. In such condition, PPP approach implies that it is required to depreciate the US dollar currency by 2% to make remain the prices of both nations equal. If the exchange rate between the US dollar is $1.25/. Then the forecast according to PPP will be as follows: (1+0.02) ($1.25/.) = $ 1.275/ That means it has to bear $1.275 to buy the one Euro. Economic Models Economic models is the another model which is based on the movement of specific currency and used to forecast the exchange rates (McKnight, 2008). In this model, the factors are used on the basis of economic theory. If there is any influence by any other variable can be included in the model. Suppose the forecast will be between US dollar and Euro for the upcoming year. The most influential factors are included in the model related to exchange rate. The factors are difference between two nations, difference rate between growth rates of GDP of two nations and difference between growth rates of two nations. The forecast by this model can be done as follows: US $ / Euro (1 year) = z + a(interest rate differential) + b(GDP) + c(income growth rate) Forecast can be generated only by putting all the values. a, b and c are the coefficient of how much exchange rate affected by the certain factor. This model is very complex to use and it also take so much time. Exchange Rate Exposure Transaction Exposure The risk related to exchange arises in case of MNC. MNC company operates the business all over the word. Exchange rate influences the business transaction between the different countries. Transaction exposure is one kind of risk. If the company has the obligation to pay or receive payment denominated in foreign currency in future, the risk arises due to fluctuation of exchange rate (Robin, 2011). The nature of transaction exposure is short-term to middle-term. Translation Exposure This exposure is related with the changes in financial statement due to fluctuation in foreign currency. MNC has subsidiaries in different countries in the world. All the subsidiaries formulate their statement according to their currency. When the statement is converted to the MNC currency, the figures of statement become affected by the fluctuation of currency (Melvin Norrbin, 2013). The nature of this kind of exposure is middle-term to long-term. Economic Exposure This exposure arises due to unexpected fluctuation in currency (Haites, 2013). The future cash flows of the organization get affected by this exposure. It also influences the market value. The nature of this kind of exposure is long-term. The competitive position of the organization can be affected by the unexpected changes in exchange rate. Unexpected change means difficult to estimate the exchange rate and economic exposure is very hard to mitigate rather than the others two exposures. Mitigation of Exposure The exposure risk can mitigated through several hedging the foreign currency exposure. Company can prevent the negative effect through hedging the foreign currency. There so many types of hedging techniques which can be followed to mitigate the risk such as forward contract, call and put options, cross hedging, money market hedge and interest rate swaps, etc. If the forward contracts can be applied the buying and selling can be done ate fixed rate on a prescribed future date. The volatility of the foreign currency cannot create effect on the future transaction by going to a forward contract. Foreign currency option protects from the opposite movement of exchange rate and the investor can get benefitted from favorable movements. The advantage of option is that it does to give obligation rather it gives right to buy or sale. Suppose ABC Ltd purchases goods from Norwegian on 1st March 2015. The price payable is NOK 2 million on 30th April 2015. The exchange rate at 1st March is NOK 11.60/. On 1st March 2015, the organization goes for a forward contract for purchasing the goods from Norwegian. The forward rate is NOK 11.90/. So at time of delivery of goods, the company has to pay 168067 whatever the spot rate reflects. References Baker, H., Riddick, L. (2013). International finance : a survey. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bishop, E. (2004). Finance of international trade. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Choi, F. (2003). International finance and accounting handbook. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley. Eun, C., Resnick, B., Sabherwal, S. (2012). International finance. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Haites, E. (2013). International climate finance. London: Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, Earthscan from Routledge. Kirton, J. (2009). International finance. Aldershot: Ashgate. Levi, M. (2009). International finance. London: Routledge. McKnight, A. (2008). The law of international finance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Melvin, M., Norrbin, S. (2013). International money and finance. Boston: Elsevier Press. Robin, J. (2011). International corporate finance. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

How to Write a White Paper †A Simple Step By Step Guide

One of the best ways to make more money as a freelance writer is to offer different types of writing services. Learning how to write a white paper is a great way to take your business to the next level. This is a type of marketing tool that businesses use and it can help you make a living as a writer. But, writing a white paper isnt the same as a blog post or even writing an eBook. Its also not a case study or journal article. What is a white paper, and how do you write one? If youre a new freelance writer, I want to help you start on the path of success and white paper writing can take you there. In this post, Ill share with you what a white paper is, how to write a white paper, give examples, offer a white paper template and more! And just so you know, you dont need to have experience in writing white papers to declare this as a new freelance writing service! Many of my course students are presented with this project after writing for a client, and it has opened the doors to new high-paying projects. But, its always nice to get some help on this new type of writing! What is a White Paper? The white paper definition is an official report or government report which shares the companys message and informs their potential customers about a complicated issue in an easy-to-read, but highly formal format. When looking at this definition, you can see that a white paper presents an issue or problem to help the reader understand the issue, and shares a solution to help readers make a decision. So, a white paper is to inform and educate. This can be viewed as similar to writing a simple blog post. In a blog post, you are presented with an issue or problem, and the blog post walks you through a solution to help you make a decision. But, there are critical differences to writing a blog post and writing a white paper: A blog post is highly conversational; a white paper is highly formal (think like a mashup of a magazine article and a brochure) A blog post is generally short in length; a white paper is usually longer than a typical 800-word blog post A blog post doesnt have to include highly credible sources; you may need to cite a white paper The purpose of a white paper is also different than a blog post A white paper is a lead generation tactic to help businesses gain leads. What this means is that it helps businesses with improving their conversion rates, closing rates and qualification rates. They are usually offered as a lead magnet a free incentive and marketed on their company site on landing pages. An important distinction between white papers and other lead magnet guides is that a white paper is data driven and is researched-based. This makes them highly credible, and highly optimized for conversions. The trick for a freelance writer is to present this research-based report into a magazine-style package that we call a white paper. And when businesses have optimized white papers, they show and establish their authority in their industry. As a writer, you can help them achieve that, making you a highly valuable resource on their team. This translates into more money as a freelance writer. White paper rates vary from as little as $2,500 to upwards of $10,000 for a 5-18 page white paper. In fact, some freelance writers are making $300k a year writing white papers. It can even be more profitable than ghostwriting. So, its in YOUR best interest to know what a white paper is and learn how to write a white paper! To help you understand more about writing a white paper, lets look at some examples. White Paper Examples (+ The Most Successful White Paper Example) Big companies often use white papers to inform and educate their customers or huge brand customers about their platform and products. This is to help other brands become familiar with a companys product. For example, Googles white paper covers the Google Cloud platform products and security policies. It has a table of contents and is presented online or can be downloaded as a PDF. Another white paper example is from Hyperledger. They are a blockchain technology company, and their white paper discusses blockchain terminology and performance metrics. In the health niche, Labiotech has a white paper on the human microbiome. In this white paper, they want to shed a new explanation on health and disease from a microbiome perspective. As you can see, they are using this white paper as a lead magnet to gain subscribers to their email list. Officemorphs white paper reads more like a magazine article but is presented in a formal manner. The audience is also different than for an office supply magazine. This white papers audience is office managers and executives. As you can see, each white paper example is different in the context and type of audience. And, whats the most successful white paper that has ever been written? The Bitcoin white paper by Satoshi Nakamoto (pseudonym)! This helped start the cryptocurrency industry get off the ground. Types of White Papers There are several types of white papers a freelance writer can write. The most common types are: Overview This is a product-based white paper that showcases the features and benefits of the product. This type of white paper highlights a product and helps educate a customer on how to use this product. Comparison This white paper compares products to help a customer decide which is the best option for them. These types of white papers are usually promoted towards the end of a sales cycle, when a potential customer is already interested in a product but doesnt know which one. List This type of white paper is the most similar to a blog post or article. A list white paper gives a reader tips or examples in a list format, making it an easy read. Solution-Based This presents a problem in the companys industry, current solutions that arent working and offers a new solution or approach that works better than any of the other solutions mentioned in the white paper. White Paper Template Here is a simple white paper template that you can use to start writing a white paper for your freelance writing job. There are two parts of this white paper format. The first part is what to include at the beginning of your white paper, and the second part mentions more about the way you structure a white paper and how to end your white paper. 1. Table of Contents/Introduction Lengthy white papers make use of a table of contents. I didnt include this in my mockup template, but it might be a good idea to add if your white paper is long. The introduction can be a summary of the entire white paper or an introduction to the problem or product mentioned. For the mockup white paper example, I used a fictional SleepAid Tech company, and the paper demonstrates their products and the features and benefits of each product. 2. Important Points In my introduction, I specify the problem and what the companys products do to help alleviate this problem. I then make important points by using subheadings to emphasize that performance, analytics, and a three-hour sleep regression are essential to understanding the product. 3. Graphs When you write a white paper, you can use visual elements such as graphs, diagrams, and even video slides (if the white paper is a slide presentation). For this fictional white paper template, I used a diagram to show the results of the sleep regression study. 4. Break Up Your Writing Just like any other type of content, you might write for a client, space out your writing, and break it up with subheadings and visuals. Some white papers are double columned to break up the writing, but in general, use subheadings to note important topics in your white paper. 5. How to Cite a White Paper You can end your white paper in many ways Conclusion paragraph About company paragraph Resources References Some white papers will need you to cite your sources. There are three styles to citing your white paper APA style, Chicago style, and MLA style. Make sure to ask your freelance writing client which citing they want for their paper and if they wish to have in-text citation as well. Here are three videos that walk you through citing your white paper. How to Cite a White Paper Using APA Style How to Cite a White Paper Using MLA Style How to Cite a White Paper Using Chicago Style Free Citation Generator You can use free citation generator tools to cite your sources quickly whether they are books or websites. Here are three free citation generator tools. Free Harvard Citation Generator Vancouver Referencing Generator Mendeley Citation Guides How to Write a White Paper The steps to writing a white paper are similar to writing a blog post or article. You have to research your topic from credible sources and use formal writing to write your post, ensuring that you are speaking in the appropriate language for your client. Finally, you need to add the elements to ending your white paper. So, lets dig deeper and talk about the way to write a white paper. 1. Where to Write Your White Paper There are generally two places you can write your white paper Microsoft Word or Google Docs. I prefer Microsoft Word, but if your freelance writing client wants you to use a template, then Google Docs has several templates you can use. Or, if you prefer, Venngage has some beautiful white paper templates you can use for free. I would also ask the client if they specify APA, MLA, or Chicago style of writing or just to use for the reference section of the white paper (if needed). Again, each white paper you write will have a different theme and purpose. 2. Topic Generation Many clients will already have an idea of what they need. For example, a client I had when I first started wanted a white paper on hiring mistakes with the emphasis placed on proper employment background checks. If a client doesnt provide a topic, I encourage you to sit down with the client on Skype or via phone to discuss what their reason is for wanting a white paper vs. a case study or some other lead magnet and work around the problems their customers have. This can drum up some ideas that you can work around. As well, use Google to search for topics to help out your client. Make sure not to pick topics that are too large and require in-depth analysis or topics that dont need a lot of explanation to provide. 3. Research Credible Sources To find credible sources for your white paper, you need to look at trusted sites like Government sites (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Using Journal articles, reference books, or publications are also great ways to find sources. Sometimes you will have to look locally for sources if your white paper is about a city policy or city problem. 4. Formal Writing Tone White paper writing is formal and less conversational than a blog post. To practice writing in this formal tone, read up on research journal articles and white papers to get a feel of the style of writing needed. I would also get the help of other freelance writers to review your white paper to see if the style of your writing is easy enough to understand and read, but informational and gets the point across. As I mentioned, a white paper is a mashup of a magazine article and brochure. So, finding that balance of ease of reading and formally discussing your topics is key. 5. White Paper Format As a freelance writer it isnt your job to format the white paper in terms of white paper cover design. But, this can be a service you offer to increase your value as a writer. You can use tools like Canva, PicMonkey or Photoshop to design your white paper cover. How to Market White Papers to Businesses B2B and B2C businesses can benefit from white papers. But, many businesses may overlook the need for a white paper or not even know what a white paper is as a way to improve their conversion rates. Its up to the freelance writer to market white paper writing as a valuable asset to businesses. But, how do you convince potential clients that you are the white paper writer for them? 1. Mention Statistics on Your Services Page Its a good idea to use statistics on your service page or writer website copy to help show the value white papers have. This means educating a potential client on this new type of content. A metric business sites use to see how their business is performing is the website conversion rate. They want to know how many visitors that land on their website convert into a buyer. For example, the average conversion rates on websites for the B2B industry is 2.23%. White papers can help increase the conversion rates for businesses. And the best nurturing tactics is providing valuable content, and a white paper can provide that. It can help a potential customer through the buyers journey through targeted content. 2. Build a White Paper Portfolio The proof is in the pudding, right? Make sure your portfolio page has white paper samples. They can be mock-ups or client pieces. Simply showing proof that you can write a white paper is enough for a potential client to hire you. 3. Niche Down to White Paper Writing To stand out and get the best conversions for your business, niche down to white paper writing. For example, freelance writer Wilton Blake is niched down for writing white papers and case studies. By improving the copy on your writer website and showing samples of your service, you can have a highly optimized writer website. And, if you need help creating that type of writer website, make sure to check out Writer Website in a Weekend. White Paper Resource If you need a breakdown on the exact steps on how to write a white paper, make sure to check out the White Paper for Dummies book! Its from the expert white paper guy Gordon Graham. Definitive Guide on How to Write a White Paper as a Freelance Writer There you go! A simple guide to writing your first white paper as a freelance writer. I hope this was helpful! I know my other blog post on how to create a cover letter helped a freelance writer gain a client! Share in the comments if you write white papers or if youre interested to add this to your services! And please remember to pin me!

Lucy (AL 288) - Australopithecus Skeleton from Ethiopia

Lucy (AL 288) - Australopithecus Skeleton from Ethiopia Lucy is the name of the nearly complete skeleton of an Australopithecus afarensis. She was the first nearly complete skeleton recovered for the species, found in 1974 at the Afar Locality (AL) 228, a site in the Hadar archaeological region on the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia. Lucy is about 3.18 million years old, and is called Denkenesh in Amharic, the language of the local people. Lucy is not the only early example of A. afarensis found at Hadar: many more A. afarensis hominids were found at the site and the nearby AL-333. To date, over 400 A. afarensis skeletons or partial skeletons have been found in the Hadar region from about a half-dozen sites. Two hundred sixteen of them were found at AL 333; together with Al-288 are referred to as the First Family, and they all date between 3.7 and 3.0 million years ago. What Scientists Have Learned About Lucy and Her Family The numbers of available specimens of A. afarensis from Hadar (including over 30 crania) have allowed continuing scholarship in several regions concerning Lucy and her family. These issues have included terrestrial bipedal locomotion; the expression of sexual dimorphism and how body size shapes human behavior; and the paleoenvironment in which A. afarensis lived and thrived. Lucys post-cranium skeleton expresses multiple features related to habitual striding bipedalism, including elements of Lucys spine, legs, knees, feet, and pelvis. Recent research has shown that she didnt move in ​the  same way as humans do, nor was she simply a terrestrial being. ​A. afarensis may well have still been adapted to live and work in trees at least part time. Some recent research (see Chene et al) also suggests the shape of the females pelves were closer to modern humans and less similar to the great apes.d less similar to the great apes. A. afarensis lived in the same region for over 700,000 years, and during that time, the climate changed several times, from arid to moist, from open spaces to closed forests and back again. Yet, A. afarensis persisted, adapting to those changes without requiring major physical changes. Sexual Dimorphism Debate Significant sexual dimorphismthat female animal bodies and teeth are significantly smaller than malesis typically found in species which have intense male to male competition. A. afarensis possesses a degree of postcranial skeletal size dimorphism matched or exceeded only by the great apes, including orangutans and gorillas. However, A. afarensis teeth are not significantly different between males and females. Modern humans, by comparison, have low levels of male-male competition, and male and female teeth and body size are far more similar. The peculiarity of that is stil debated: teeth size reduction may be the result of adapting to a different diet, rather than a signal of less male-to-male physical aggression. Lucys History The central Afar basin was first surveyed by Maurice Taieb in the 1960s; and in 1973, Taieb, Donald Johanson and Yves Coppens formed the International Afar Research Expedition to begin extensive exploration of the region. Partial hominin fossils were discovered in Afar in 1973, and the nearly complete Lucy was discovered in 1974. AL 333 was discovered in 1975. Laetoli was discovered in the 1930s, and the famous footprints discovered in 1978. Various dating measures have been used on the Hadar fossils, including Potassium/Argon (K/AR) and geochemical analysis of the volcanic tuffs, and currently  , scholars have tightened the range to between 3.7 and 3.0 million years ago. The species was defined, using Hadar and A. afarensis specimens from Laetoli in Tanzania, in 1978. Lucys Significance Lucy and her familys discovery and investigation remodeled physical anthropology, making it a much more rich and nuanced field than before, partly because the science changed, but also because for the first time, scientists had an adequate database to investigate all the issues around her. In addition, and this is a personal note, I think one of the most significant things about Lucy is that Donald Johanson and Edey Maitland wrote and published a popular science book about her. The book called Lucy, the Beginnings of Humankind made the scientific chase for the human ancestors accessible to the public.   Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Lower Paleolithic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Thanks are owed to Tadewos Assebework, of Indiana University, for correcting some minor errors. Chene G, Lamblin G, Lebail-Carval K, Chabert P, Marà ¨s P, Coppens Y, and Mellier G. 2015. The genital prolapse of Australopithecus Lucy? International Urogynecology Journal 26(7):975-980.Chene G, Tardieu AS, Trombert B, Amouzougan A, Lamblin G, Mellier G, and Coppens Y. 2014. A species’ Odyssey: evolution of obstetrical mechanics from Australopithecus Lucy to nowadays. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 181:316-320.DeSilva JM, and Throckmorton ZJ. 2011. Lucys Flat Feet: The Relationship between the Ankle and Rearfoot Arching in Early Hominins. PLoS ONE 5(12):e14432.Johanson DC. 2004. Lucy, Thirty Years Later: An expanded view of Australopithecus afarensis. Journal of Anthropological Research 60(4):465-486.Johanson DC, and White TD. 1979. A systematic assessment of early African hominids. Science 203(4378):321-330.Kimbel WH, and Delezene LK. 2009. â€Å"Lucy† redux: A review of research on Australopithecus afarensis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 140(S49):2-48. Meyer MR, Williams SA, Smith MP, and Sawyer GJ. 2015. Lucys back: Reassessment of fossils associated with the A.L. 288-1 vertebral column. Journal of Human Evolution 85:174-180.Nagano A, Umberger BR, Marzke MW, and Gerritsen KGM. 2005. Neuromusculoskeletal computer modeling and simulation of upright, straight-legged, bipedal locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis (A.L. 288-1). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 126(1):2-13.Sellers WI, Cain GM, Wang W, and Crompton RH. 2005. Stride lengths, speed and energy costs in walking of Australopithecus afarensis: using evolutionary robotics to predict locomotion of early human ancestors. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2(5):431-441.

Compare tsarist foreign policy in the period 1801-1854 with the period Essay

Compare tsarist foreign policy in the period 1801-1854 with the period 1856-1914. How and why did tsarist foreign policy change - Essay Example The Russian empire during this period had no system of government as they were led by a tsar whom they believed got his anointment from God. A tsar was, therefore, treated with much respect and made decisions on behalf of the other state members. The tsarist participated in the creation of the Armenian during the tsarist period. The Armenians’ however, later led in the revolutionary consciousness to the Russian Empire (Dmytryshyn, 2007). Until 1856, the Russian had not formulated a policy to moderate the number of immigrants whose number increased tremendously. Initially, Tsarist regime applied an assorted strategy that relied on the geographical location, difference in religion and the intensity of national awareness (Dmytryshyn, 2007). Significant transformation took place during the reign of the three rulers; Nicholas II, Alexander II and Alexander III from the dynasty of Romanov between 1856 and 1914. These rulers encountered different challenges despite personal qualities they acquired from their upbringing. The main objectives for change of tsarist foreign policy during this period comprised five main features. First, Russia is regarded superpowers and enjoys the prestige of holding the position. Second, the states’ realist and neorealist had an influence through the central power as the tsarist foreign policy designed a different manner of the major paradigm. The technicalities of matching the economic , military and technology applied by its rivals are the third element. Fourth, the modalities on how to match up to the standards determine on how contested Russians national identity connects domestic economic and political order with foreign strategy priorities and course. Finally, level to which western liberalism is a relevant representation for Russia (Dmytryshyn, 2007). The foreign policy created from 1856 to 1914 when Alexander III came into

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF ICT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF ICT - Assignment Example Therefore, this paper will discuss some important aspects regarding maintaining a secured network connection via virtual private networks. In essence, virtual private networks can be classified into two categories that are known as remote access and site-to-site. A remote access enables the user to access internet from a distant location (Hancock 30). A site-to-site VPN connection connects two sides of a private network. A good VPN must provide authentication, integrity, confidentiality, and anti-reply (Maiward 23). Authentication is vital security concern, and takes place at two levels known as machine-level and user-level (Hancock 243). Machine-level authentication is used for VPN connections during the establishment of IP-sec connection. User-level authentication takes place before data can be transferred through tunnel (Mairward 28). VPN Security is critical in many aspects because it has dramatically changed the way people conduct business. If an organization has users that are utilizing remote access, the risk of running into hackers poses a serious threat for a client. In order to remove this threat, using an ap plication such as MacAfee helps clients avoid malicious infiltration (Mairward 28). The traffic between Web browser and the VPN device is encrypted with SSL. Two types of main SSL VPNS are portal and tunnel. A SSL portal VPN secures multiple network services while a SSL tunnel VPN allows clients to access one or more VPN devices via the Web browser (â€Å"SSL VPN Security†). How do VPNs work? A standard VPN might have a main LAN at the head headquarters of an organization while the others LANs can be located at remote offices (â€Å"SSL VPN Security†). A VPN uses a public network, which is internet in most cases, and is necessary in order to connect to distant sites instead of using â€Å"leased lines†(â€Å"Virtual Private